Includes overview of:
-terms needed
- evidence of evolution
-different theories of evolution
-examples of natrual selection
-cladograms
-gradualism vs. Punctuated evolution
-speciation
-evolution in present times
Natrual Selection
terms
selection pressure anything that causes a change ingenefrequency in a population
eg Habitat thatspecies live in can result in evolutionOR
extinction
i
CO evolutiong zar more species that have a doseecological relationship will
evolve together such that one species adapts to the changes of the other
This will affect each others evolution
eg Acacia ants acacia trees
Hummingbirds tplantswiflowers wi longtubes
Natraul selection organism that have a strongergenetic make up
will be bettersuited to its environment t survive
, the theory afvolution
Evidence of Evolution
The Fossil Record
2 Modification by Descent
3 Biogeography
4 Genetics
5 Vestigial structures
6 Evolution Can becaused observed
by people
The Fossil Record
DoRecord of all fossils thathavebeen found
By Studing records it is evident that diffrent speciescomefrom a commo
occurred
ancestor D Evolution has
BeFossiles Don'Texplain everything
there are gaps in the fossil
record
BUI we can use fossil record to make comparasons with
living organisms
DoFossils can provide evidence for extinct species
3 reasonsfossil record is incomplete
I Not all organism can fossilise
soft bodied organisms may not be able to fossilize
Organism must have bonesis hellateeth Ihooves present tofossilize
2 Conditions not ideal for fossilisation
must be high pressure if there is less oxygen lotsof
moisture can't fossilize
must be the right type of soil rock where organism falls
3 Fossils may have been destroyed before beingfound
If all conditions are met a fossil could haveformed but was destroyed
ect
by soil erosion an earthquack
, Deasent withmanufacturing
Proof that there was a common ancestor thedescendant all have the
same structures
some forelimb bones
The pentadactyl
gave limb ispresent in all mammalsdespite themusing
Bats for flying whales forswining hourses for walkng Ect
when
comparing theanatomy ofdifferentorganisms onemayfind either
homologous structure of analogous structures
Honologus structures
Same structure different function
ey the pentactal limb
Proof for divergentevolution ie a commonansesterthat had structuregave rise
to different organisms that use the structure fordifferentfunctions
Andagus structures
different structures that perform same function
This is
proof for convergent evolution D organisms comefrom
different ansters but evolved to preform the same function
Dey wing of bat wing of butterfly
different ancestors overtime converge tobe more similar
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