Introductie in de Geschiedenis van de Middeleeuwen (GE1V14002)
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,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: De Romeinse wereld transformeert (c. 300 – c. 600) ....................................................... 6
De provincialisering van het Rijk (c. 250 – c. 350) .............................................................................. 6
Een nieuw geloof............................................................................................................................. 6
Leer ................................................................................................................................................. 6
De bronnen van Gods genade......................................................................................................... 7
Kunst: van periferie naar het centrum............................................................................................ 7
De barbaren ........................................................................................................................................ 8
De nieuwe orde ................................................................................................................................... 8
Ruralisering van het Westen ........................................................................................................... 8
De herdefiniëring van het Romeinse rijk in het Oosten.................................................................. 9
Kaarten .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Belangrijke jaartallen ........................................................................................................................ 12
Deel I: Drie culturen ontstaan vanuit één ............................................................................................. 13
Hoofdstuk 2: De opkomst tussen culturen, 600 – 750 ......................................................................... 13
Het Byzantijnse Rijk........................................................................................................................... 13
Bronnen van veerkracht................................................................................................................ 13
Aanvallers en de gevolgen ............................................................................................................ 13
Verval van stedelijke centra .......................................................................................................... 13
Platteland ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Iconoclasme .................................................................................................................................. 14
De Islamitische wereld ...................................................................................................................... 14
Vorming van de Islam.................................................................................................................... 14
Buiten Arabië ................................................................................................................................ 15
De cultuur van de Umayyaden...................................................................................................... 16
De totstandkoming van West-Europa............................................................................................... 17
Verarming en zijn variaties ........................................................................................................... 17
Culturen en de politiek.................................................................................................................. 17
De Paus.......................................................................................................................................... 18
Kaarten .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Belangrijke jaartallen ........................................................................................................................ 19
Hoofdstuk 3: Het creëren van nieuwe identiteiten (750 – 900) ........................................................... 20
Byzantium: Van naar binnen keren tot voorzichtige uitbreiding...................................................... 20
Nieuwe iconen, nieuwe legers, nieuwe gebieden ........................................................................ 20
Het Christelijke geloof en de opkomst van Oost-Centraal-Europa ............................................... 20
Culturele bloei in Byzantium ......................................................................................................... 21
, De verschuiving naar het Oosten in de Islamitische wereld ............................................................. 21
Het Abbasidische kalifaat .............................................................................................................. 21
Nieuwe vormen van literatuur ...................................................................................................... 22
Al-Andalus: Een samenleving in het midden ................................................................................ 22
Een imperium ondanks zichzelf ........................................................................................................ 23
Karolingers .................................................................................................................................... 23
Karel de Grote (768 – 814) ............................................................................................................ 24
Op 25 december 800 werd Karel de Grote vervolgens door Paus Leo III gekroond tot Keizer. De
Frankische koning was hiermee de eerste vorst die deze titel toegewezen kreeg sinds de val van
het West-Romeinse Rijk in 476. .................................................................................................... 24
Erfgenamen van Karel de Grote .................................................................................................... 24
De rijkdom van een lokale economie............................................................................................ 25
De Karolingische renaissance ........................................................................................................ 26
Concluderend .................................................................................................................................... 27
Kaarten .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Belangrijkste jaartallen ..................................................................................................................... 30
Hoofdstuk 4: Politieke gemeenschappen herschikken (900 – 1050).................................................... 30
Byzantium: De sterke punten en limieten van centralisatie ............................................................. 30
Het koninklijk hof .......................................................................................................................... 30
Een brede omhelzing en zijn spanningen ..................................................................................... 30
De Russen komen.......................................................................................................................... 31
Verdeling en ontwikkeling in de Islamitische wereld ....................................................................... 31
De opkomst van regionale bevoegdheden ................................................................................... 31
Culturele eenheid, religieuze polarisatie ...................................................................................... 32
Het Westen: Fragmentatie en veerkracht ........................................................................................ 33
De laatste indringers van het Westen........................................................................................... 33
Publieke macht en privérelaties ................................................................................................... 33
Koningschap in tijden van fragmentatie ....................................................................................... 34
Nieuwe staten in centraal Oost-Europa........................................................................................ 35
Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Kaarten .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Belangrijke jaartallen ........................................................................................................................ 38
Part II ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
Hoofdstuk 5: Nieuwe configuraties (1050 – 1150) ............................................................................... 39
De Seltsjoeken en de Almoraviden ................................................................................................... 39
Van huurlingen tot imperialisten .................................................................................................. 39
, Byzantium: Bebloed maar ongebogen .............................................................................................. 40
De versnelling van de Europese economie ....................................................................................... 40
Steden en dorpen.......................................................................................................................... 41
Handel ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Kerkhervorming en de nasleep hiervan ............................................................................................ 42
De komst van hervormingen ......................................................................................................... 42
De investituursstrijd en de gevolgen ............................................................................................ 43
De eerste kruistocht ...................................................................................................................... 44
Heersers met slagkracht ................................................................................................................... 45
De Kruisvaarder staten.................................................................................................................. 45
Engeland onder Normandische heerschappij ............................................................................... 45
Christelijk Spanje en Portugal ....................................................................................................... 46
Het prijzen van de koning van Frankrijk........................................................................................ 46
Nieuwe vormen van leren en religieuze expressie ........................................................................... 47
De nieuwe scholen en wat ze leerde ............................................................................................ 47
Kloosterpacht en armoede ........................................................................................................... 47
Kaarten .............................................................................................................................................. 48
Belangrijke jaartallen ........................................................................................................................ 51
Hoofdstuk 6: Ambities worden instituties (1150 – 1250) ..................................................................... 52
De Islamitische wereld en Byzantijnse wereld in beweging ............................................................. 52
Islamitische vorstendommen........................................................................................................ 52
Het ongedaan maken en de volharding van Byzantium ............................................................... 53
Het Westen: De institutionalisering van de overheid ....................................................................... 53
Engeland: Wetten en autoriteiten ................................................................................................ 53
Spanje en Frankrijk in de maak ..................................................................................................... 55
Van Rijken en stadstaten .............................................................................................................. 56
Het Duitse Rijk ............................................................................................................................... 56
Hongarije ....................................................................................................................................... 57
Italiaanse stadstaten ..................................................................................................................... 57
Het Westen: Cultuur en instituties ................................................................................................... 58
Het platteland: arme edelen en vele boeren ................................................................................ 58
Cultuur van de rechtbanken: de hofcultuur ................................................................................. 58
Gildes in de stad ............................................................................................................................ 59
De Gotische stijl ............................................................................................................................ 59
Het Westen: Religie........................................................................................................................... 60
Het Vierde Concilie van Lateranen, 1215...................................................................................... 60
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