Analytical Chemistry Final - ACS Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+ ppm ✅(grams analyte/grams sample)x10^6 Molarity ✅moles analyte/liter of solution Volume Percent ✅(volume solute/volume soution)x100 Volume ppm ✅(volume solute/volume solution)x10^6 kilo- ✅10^3 deci- ✅10^-1 centi - ✅10^-2 milli- ✅10^-3 micro - ✅10^-6 nano - ✅10^-9 pico- ✅10^-12 femto - ✅10^-15 weight percent ✅(grams analyte/grams sample)x100 ppt ✅(grams analyte/grams sample)x10^3 ppt simplified ✅gram analyte/liter solution ppm simplified ✅mg analyte/liter solution ppb simplified ✅micrograms analyte/liter solution pptr simplified ✅nanograms analyte/liter solution buoyancy correction ✅m=(m'(1 -(air density/weight density)))/(1 -(air density/object density)) accuracy ✅closeness of the mean to the "true value" precision ✅reproducibility of individual measurements Uncertainty in Addition/Subraction ✅e=sqrt(ex1^2+ex2^2+ex3^2+...) Uncertainty in Multiplication/Division ✅e=y*sqrt((ex1/x1)^2+(ex2/x2)^2+(ex3/x3)^2+...) Significant Figures in Logarithms and antilogarithms ✅the number of significant figures in the log should equal the number of digits in the mantissa How many significant figures in log(205.5) ✅four significant figures, so you will need four decimal places in your answer pH ✅-log[H3O+] [H3O+] ✅10^-pH Absorbance ✅-log(transmittance) Random Error ✅-repeated measurements are sometimes high and sometimes low -cannot be corrected for Systematic Error ✅-repeated measurements are usually always high or always low -can and should be corrected for Relative uncertainty= ✅absolute uncertainty/magnitude of measurement 68% of measurements in a Gaussian Curve will lie ✅between the mean -1 and the mean+1 Variance in standard deviation ✅standard deviation squared mean= ✅true value + -time*standard deviation T-test Case 1 ✅measure sample of known composition T-test case 2 ✅compare replicate measurement of an unknown sample T-test case 3 ✅compare individual difference of an unknown sample - two sets of data analyzed by both methods being used
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