Exam (elaborations)
PYC4802 EXAM PACK 2024
- Course
- PYC4802
- Institution
- University Of South Africa
LATEST EXAM PACK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AND SUMMARIZED NOTES FOR EXAM PREPARATIONS. UPDATED FOR 2024 EXAMS
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PYC4802EXAM
PACK
2024
LATEST EXAM PACK QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS AND SUMMARIZED NOTES
FOR EXAM PREPARATIONS.
UPDATED FOR 2024 EXAMS
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Everyone Is Always Nagging About
DSM.
A) Exposure
B) Intrusion symptoms, 1>, after event
,C) Avoidance of stimuli, after event
D) Negative alterations in cognitions and mood, after event
E) Alterations in arousal and reactivity, 2>
F) Duration (B-E), 1 month>
G) Social, Distress, occupational and other areas
H) Medical, not physiological effects of substance or other medical conditions
45 2 7 6
Adults, adolescents and children older than 6 years:
A) 4 Exposure
Exposure to actual or threatening death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one or more of the
following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s)
2. Witnessing in person the event(s) as it occurs to others
3. Learning that the traumatic event occurred to a close family member or close friend (death
violent or
accidental)
4. repeated extreme exposure to details of traumatic event(s) - 1st responders & police
officers)
repeated exposure does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television or movies, unless
exposure is work related
B) 5 Intrusion symptoms 1>, onset after event
1. recurrent and distressing Memories of TE
2. distressing Dreams related to TE
3. Flashbacks – individual feels or acts as if TE were recurring
4. Intense Psychological distress to cues resembling TE
5. Physiological reaction to cues resembling TE
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C) 2 Avoidance of stimuli, onset after event
1. Avoidance or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts or feelings associated with
traumatic event(s).
2. Avoidance or efforts to avoid external reminders (places, people, activities) that arouse
memories, thoughts
or feelings associated with traumatic event(s).
, D) 7 Negative alterations in cognitions and mood, onset after event
1. Dissociative amnesia – inability to remember important aspects of traumatic event(s)
2. Negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others or the world– no one can be trusted,
world is a
dangerous place.
3. Distorted cognition about cause of traumatic event – leading to self-blame.
4. Negative emotional state –fear, anger, guilt, shame.
5. Anhedonia – inability to experience positive emotions (happiness, love)
6. No interest in activities.
7. Feelings of detachment.
8.
E) 6 Alterations in arousal and reactivity, 2>
1. Sleep disturbances -difficulty falling or staying asleep
2. Problems with concentration
3. Irritable and angry –expressed verbally or physically
4. Hypervigilance – sensory sensitivity
5. Magnified startle response
6. Self-destructive and reckless behaviour
F) Duration
Duration of disturbances B, C, D, E is more than 1 month
G) Distress
Disturbances causes clinically significant distress in social, occupational or other important factors of
functioning.
H) Medical
Disturbances is not attributed to physiological effects of a substance (medication, alcohol), or
another medical condition.
Specify whether:
PTSD and depersonalisation (outside oneself)
PTSD and derealisation (dreamlike state)
Specify if:
Delayed expression – if full diagnostic criteria is not met until at least 6 months after the
event occurred DEFINITIONS
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