Summary
Summary LAW OF DELICT REMEDIES
- Course
- LDEL3714 (LDEL3714)
- Institution
- University Of The Freestate (UFS)
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DELICTUAL&REMEDIES&!
Actio!legis!acquiliae,!action!iniuriarum!and!action!for!pain!and!suffering!are!based!on!general&
delictual&principles&and!as!such!cover!almost!whole!area!of!delictual!liability!but!there!are!still!a!
few!other!actions!which!originated!in!RomanBDutch&law!and!are!applicable!to!specific&
situations:&!
• those!that!are!based!on!liability!without!fault,!inter!alia!actions!for!damage!caused!by!
animals:!
!!! ! Actio!de!pauperize!–!action!which!lay!against!owner!of!a!domestic!animal!for!recovery!of!
! ! damages!caused!by!animal!acting!contrary!to!its!nature!
! Actio!de!pastu!–!action!for!recovery!of!damages!caused!by!grazing!animals!
! Actio!de!feris!–!action!which!lay!against!a!person!who!brought!wild!or!dangerous!animals!
into!a!public!place.!
• Those!for!damage!caused!by!objects!poured!or!thrown!out!of!a!building!(action!de!efusis!vel!
deiectis)!or!falling!from!a!building!(action!fiositi!vel!suspensi)!
• Action!for!damage!caused!by!loss!of!a!stolen!thing!(condictio!furtiva);!and!
• Those!for!damage!caused!by!owners!of!neighbouring!property!(action!for!disturbance!of!
lateral!support),!actio!aquae!pluviae!arcendae!(to!interdict!owner!of!land!who!interferes!with!
natural!flow!of!rainBwater)!and!interdictum!quod!vi!aut!clam!(for!damage!caused!by!
interference!with!natural!flow!of!water).!
• Actio!doli!(action!based!on!fraud),!actio!quod!metus!causa!(action!by!a!person!who!was!
coerced!into!a!contract)!and!actio!ad!exhibendum!(personal!action!to!compel!possessor!of!a!
thing,!which!is!to!be!vindicated,!to!produce!it)!are!also!classified!as!delictual!remedies!
• Whether!all!these!actions!should!still!be!recognised!today!is,!however,!questionable.!!In!so!
far!as!any!of!them!is!concerned!with!wrongful!and!culpable!(mostly!intentional)!causing!of!
Amende&honorable! patrimonial!damage,!they!may!quite!easily!be!incorporated!under!the!Aquilian!action.!
• was!a!remedy!where!plaintiff!in!a!defamation!case!could!demand!that!defendant! • RomanBDutch!amende!honorable!has!been!resurrected!our!law!
retract!allegations!and!publish!an!apology.! !
• It!was!accepted!that!amende!honorable!had!been!!abrogated!in!S.A.!by!disuse!for!150!
years!but!the!remedy!(or!a!similar!one)!has!been!used!in!a!number!of!court!cases.!
Amende!honorable!can!take!three!forms:!
1. An!exclusive!remedy!
2. An!alternative!remedy!for!damages!(satisfaction)!
3. Cumulative!remedy!with!damage!
!
!REMEMBER:&
TRANSMISSIBLE&=&capable!of!being!transmitted/transferred!(as!from!one!person!to!another)!
CEDABLE&=&capable!of!being!ceded/transferred!
HERITABLE&=&capable!of!being!inherited!by!heirs:!
Where!plaintiff!(wronged!person)!dies,!action!falls!into!his!estate!and!can!be!instituted!by!executor!(active!transmissibility).!
Where!defendant!dies,!action!can!be!instituted!against!his!estate!(passive!transmissibility)!
LITIS&CONTESTATIO&=!close!of!pleadings!(preBtrial!processes!are!complete)!i.e.!both!parties!are!ready!to!go!to!trial!
!
©!Alda!Vorster! ! !
THE$INTERDICT!
Courts!state!three!requirements!for!an!interdict:!
1. There!must!be!an!act&by!the!respondent!–!act,!which!could!already!
! have!commenced!or!be!merely!threatening,!may!be!a!commissio!or!
!!!! an!omissio!
2. Act!must!be!wrongful&–!wrongfulness!in!this!regard!means!that!
• This!remedy!does!not!aim!at!compensation,!but!is!a!legal!remedy! there!must!be!a!threat!or!an!infringement!of!a!soBcalled!‘clear!right”!
with!which!a!person!can!avert&an!impending!wrongful!act!or! of!applicant.!
prevent&continuation!of!a!wrongful!act!that!has!already!commenced! − This!viewpoint!is!acceptable!it!a!‘clear!right’!means!a!recognized!
• Interdict!can!be!in!two!forms:! subjective!right.!
1. Prohibitory&–!this!prohibits!wrongdoer!from!committing!a! − This!does!not!imply,!however,!that!in!cases!where!such!a!right!is!
wrongful!act!at!all!or!from!continuing!with!a!wrongful!act!!i.e.!a! absent,!wrongfulness!with!regard!to!the!interdict!cannot!also!lie!
prohibition!to!publish!defamatory!remarks,!or!cause!disturbing! in!breach!of!a!legal!duty!
noise,!or!keep!a!person!imprisoned! 3. No&other&remedy&must!be!available!to!applicant.!
2. Mandatory&–!requires!positive!conduct!on!part!of!wrongdoer!to! !
terminate!continuing!wrongfulness!or!an!act!that!has!already! !
! !
been!committed!!i.e.!a!command!to!destroy!photographs!(and!
their!negatives)!of!a!person!that!infringe!his!right!to!privacy,!or!
copies!of!a!book!that!infringe!copyright,!or!labels!that!constitute!
passing!off!
An!interdict!may!either!be:!
• On!close!examination,!however,!each!is!directed!at!preventing&a! • Final&–!a!permanent!prohibition!is!placed!on!
person!from!acting!wrongfully!–!interdict!thus!has!a!preventative& (threatening)!wrongful!act!or!!
function.!
• Pendente&lite&(temporary)!–!prohibition!only!applies!
• Since!interdict!is!directed!at!prevention!of!a!wrongful!act,!and!not!at! pending!outcome!of!trial!action!
retribution!for!wrongfulness!already!committed,!there!is!no&reason& !
why!fault!on!part!of!the!wrongdoer!should!be!a!requirement!for!
granting!of!an!interdict!
• Fault&is!therefore!NOT!a!requirement!for!an!interdict!in!either!our!
common!law!or!case!law!
!
©!Alda!Vorster! ! !
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