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Summary Electrochemistry Physical Sciences Grade 12
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Summary of the electrochemistry section of chemistry taught in the grade 12 CAPS (NSC) syllabus. Includes diagrams, notes, definitions and extra information related to popular questions.

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  • January 19, 2024
  • 7
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Physical Science
Grade 12




Kimberly Fourie



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ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Oxidation: loss of electrons/increase in oxidation number.

Reducing agent: a substance that is oxidised/loses electrons.

Reduction: gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number.

Oxidising agent: a substance that is reduced /gains electrons.

Anode: the electrode where oxidation takes place.

Cathode: the electrode where reduction takes place.

Electrolyte: a solution that conducts electricity through the movement of ions.

Standard reduction potentials:
• Use table 4B – must start with Li.
• Uses of the table:
o Determines spontaneity.
o Identify oxidising and reducing agents.
o Calculate EMF (the further away two half-cell reactions, the higher the EMF).
o Balance redox reactions.
• Oxidising agents on the left and reducing agents on the right.
• Left to right is reduction and right to left is oxidation.


GALVANIC/VOLTAIC CELLS
Spontaneous:
• When two reactants are joined on table, a positive gradient forms.
• Talk about relative strengths when explaining.
• Positive EMF value.

Energy conversion: chemical energy → electrical energy

Electrodes: anode is negative, and cathode is positive.

Uses of galvanic cells: torch cells, car batteries etc.

Current flow: anode to cathode.

Salt bridge:
• Completes the internal circuit.
• Maintains electrical neutrality.
• Salts must be soluble (mustn’t precipitate) therefore choose nitrate when uncertain.
• Cations (+) move towards cathode and anions (-) move towards anode.



Kimberly Fourie

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