This document entails a thorough timeline of the IEB History Topic: Civil Resistance in South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s. This includes chronological notes on the BCM, Internal & External Resistance, and state Reforms & Repression.
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1945 Declaration of Human Rights
1946 Biko born
1954 Bantu Education Act was passed.
1955 Black Sash legacy: Fought against injustice and inequality in SA
for decades.
Women’s Defence of the Constitution League.
1959 Extension of University Education Act, Act 45 of 1959.
British Anti-Apartheid Movement founded. (AAM)
ANC members fled to London and established the ANC in exile
and launched Boycott South African Movement in London.
1960 Sharpeville Massacre
Year of Africa (decolonisation context)
Full economic sanctions placed on SA after Sharpeville Massacre.
Sanctions and arms ban on SA.
SA withdraws from the Commonwealth because they would not
bow to pressure to drop the apartheid policy.
1960s Silent Sixties
Little strong resistance to Apartheid gov.
International student organisations protested Apartheid (years of
student protest.
8 April 1960 PAC & ANC banned with passing of
Unlawful Organisations Act.
1962 UN General Assembly called for political, economic and diplomatic
sanctions against SA.
1963 Britain stopped selling weapons to SA (AAM worked with UN to
stop all arms from reaching SA and being used by the Apartheid
government).
1964 Rivonia Trial and the arrest and imprisonment of key ANC & MK
1
, Auerello Matthaeus Pillay History 12 – Mrs Harvey
leaders
1965 1st wave of divestment against SA from the USA.
British Screenwriters Guild called for ban on British film distribution
in SA.
1966 Biko elected to the SRC
1967 UCM (University Christian Movement) formed.
1968 Biko broke away from SRC to form SASO.
NUSAS formed.
December Biko and ethnic university students met at Mariannhill and drafted
1968 constitution for SASO.
SASO’s inaugural conference in Turfloop.
July 1969 SASO held inaugural conference at University of the North
(Polokwane)
1970 SA expelled from the Olympics
Frontline states met to co-ordinate support for liberation
movement.
Early 1970s Renewal in political awareness and a sense of hope evident.
Massive escalation in protest action.
Black trade unionism began to revive.
1970s Black Consciousness
Mamphela Ramphele - health and child welfare centres
Winnie Mandela - underground ANC and started the Black
Parents Association after Soweto Uprising.
Frontline states formed.
1971 Mhloti Black Theatre started in Alexandra Township,
Johannesburg.
BC leaders were being banned from speaking.
1972 BPC formed.
SASO decided to establish a national trade union council for black
people. At this time, black workers were denied rights and black
trade unionism.
BAWU formed. *Ask ma’am
1973 Strikes began at the Coronation Brick and Tile Plant in Durban:
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