NURSING MISC APEA TEST BANK WITH RATIONALE
Question:
A patient complains of a sharp burning pain in the neck and right arm with associated
paresthesias and weakness. These symptoms may be associated with:
Cervical
radiculopathy
Explanation:
With cervical radiculopathy, nerve root compression is the etiology. Symptoms may include
sharp burning or tingling pain in the neck and one arm with associated paresthesias.
Mechanical neck pain is described as aching pain in the cervical paraspinal muscles and
ligaments with associated muscle spasm and stiffness and tightness in the upper back and
shoulder, lasting up to6 weeks. In patients with mechanical neck pain with whiplash, the
paracervical pain and stiffness begins the day after injury and may be accompanied by
occipital headaches, dizziness, and malaise. In cervical myelopathy, cervical cord
compression, the neck pain is associated with bilateral weakness and paresthesias in both
upper and lower extremities.
Question:
A patient complains of lateral hip pain while pointing near the trochanter. This type of pain
couldbe suggestive of:
Bursitis
Explanation:
Lateral hip pain near the greater trochanter suggests trochanteric bursitis. Sciatica
symptoms usually include a shooting pain below the knee, commonly in the lateral leg or
posterior calf andaccompanied by low back pain. Radicular pain refers to pain that radiates
,along the dermatome of a nerve due to inflammation or irritation of a nerve root, as with
sciatica pain. Polyarticular arthritis refers to arthritis involving several joints.
Question:
The muscle of the scapulohumeral group that crosses the glenohumeral joint
posteriorly andinserts on the greater tubercle is known as the:
infraspinatus muscle
Explanation:
One of the muscles of the scapulohumeral group that crosses the glenohumeral joint
posteriorly and inserts on the greater tubercle is the infraspinatus muscle. The other one is
the teres minor muscle. The pectoralis major muscle is situated on the anterior chest. The
muscle that runs abovethe glenohumeral joint and inserts on the greater tubercle is known as
the supraspinatus. The subscapularis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the
scapula and crosses the joint anteriorly and inserts on the lesser tubercle.
Question:
A tool for assessing risk factors for osteoporotic fractures is the:
FRAX
Explanation:
The FRAX calculator generates fracture risk based on age, body mass index, parental
fracture history, use of glucocorticoids, presence of rheumatoid arthritis or secondary
osteoporosis, and tobacco and alcohol use. It has been validated for black, Hispanic, and
Asian women in the USA and has calculators that are country and continent specific. Duel
energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA, is the optimal standard for measuring bone density.
BRAC1 is a gene that can mutate andincrease the risk of breast cancer. HAARM is the
melanoma risk model.
Question:
,Anserine bursitis arises from:
excessive running. Correct excessive kneeling. Incorrectarthritis.trauma
Explanation:
Anserine bursitis arises from excessive running, valgus knee deformity, fibromyalgias, and
osteoarthritis. Prepatellar bursitis (“housemaid’s knee”) arises from excessive kneeling. A
popliteal or “baker’s” cyst arises from distention of the gastrocnemius semimembranous
bursafrom underlying arthritis or trauma.
Question:
When examining the knee, which of the following symptoms could be indicative of a
positiveAdduction (Varus) Stress Test?
Pain in the lateral
jointExplanation:
The Adduction (or Varus) Stress Test is a maneuver that evaluates the function of the lateral
collateral ligament. To perform this test, the knee is held in 30 degrees of flexion. With one
handon the medial side of the knee and one hand on the ankle, an adduction force is gently
applied. Ifpain is noted in the lateral joint line, this could be indicative of a lateral collateral
ligament tear. When tenderness extends more to the proximal or distal joint line, the
collateral ligament may bethe cause of pain instead of the meniscus.
Question:
, When assessing the knee, the examiner instructs the patient to straighten his knee. This
motionwould assess knee:
Extension
Explanation:
Having the patient straighten his leg assesses extension of the knee. The examiner instructs
the patient to bend his knee. This maneuver assesses knee flexion. Internal rotation of the
knee couldbe elicited by having the patient swing his lower leg toward the midline while
sitting. Instructingthe patient to swing his leg away from his midline while sitting assesses
external rotation of the knee.
Question:
When performing an examination of a tender left finger on an adult, the surrounding
tissuereveals warmth, edema, and redness. This finding could be suggestive of:
gouty
arthritis
Explanation:
Redness, warmth, and edema over a tender joint suggest septic or gouty arthritis
infection, orpossibly rheumatoid arthritis.
Question:
An example of a fibrous joint would be the:
Skull
Explanation:
The skull is an example of the fibrous joint. Examples of synovial joints include the shoulder,
knee, hip, wrist, distal radioulnar, elbow, and carpals. Vertebral bodies of the spine and the
pubicsymphysis of the pelvis are examples of cartilaginous joints.
