Exam (elaborations)
Practice exam questions Animal nutrition and Physiology
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Exam QuestionsDP1
1. Describe the role of pectin in feed composition and its effects on digestion in animals.
2. Explain the importance of the preanalytical phase in nutritional analysis, detailing its
components and importance.
3. How does the anatomy of the stomach contribute to the mixing and churning of feed during
digestion? Provide examples.
4. Discuss the methods used in nutritional analysis, focusing on the Van Soest method and its
applications.
5. Compare the functions of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in digestion and absorption,
highlighting their unique characteristics.
6. What are Brunner's glands and goblet cells, and how do they contribute to digestive
processes in the small intestine?
DP2
1. Differentiate between endocrine, neurocrine, and paracrine mechanisms of regulation in the
gastrointestinal system, providing examples of each.
2. Explain how the autonomic nervous system influences gastrointestinal function,
distinguishing between sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.
3. Describe the role of the enteric nervous system in regulating gastrointestinal processes,
including motility, secretion, and blood flow.
4. Discuss the major neurotransmitters involved in gastrointestinal regulation and their
functions in modulating gut physiology.
5. Outline the phases of the integrated response in digestion, detailing the cephalic, oral,
gastric, and intestinal phases and the stimuli and responses associated with each.
6. Identify the signaling peptides of the gastrointestinal system and explain their roles as
endocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine signals in regulating digestive processes.
7. Describe the response to a meal in the gastrointestinal system, including the release of
hormones such as gastrin, secretin, and CCK, and their effects on digestion and motility.
8. Explain the significance of the migrating motor complex (MMC) in gastrointestinal function
and its role in the regulation of gut motility.
9. Discuss the roles of key signaling peptides, such as gastrin, CCK, secretin, motilin, and
somatostatin, in coordinating digestive processes and maintaining gastrointestinal
homeostasis.
10. Compare and contrast the endocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine regulation of
gastrointestinal function, highlighting their unique mechanisms and physiological effects.
DP3
1. What is retention time in the gastrointestinal tract, and how does it vary?
2. Describe the protective functions of the gastrointestinal barrier.
3. Explain why the gastrointestinal tract does not digest itself despite containing digestive
enzymes.
4. Differentiate between the functions of the mouth and stomach in digestion.
5. List the major secretions in the gastrointestinal tract and their respective functions.
6. Discuss the roles of the pancreas and liver in digestion.
7. What are the primary functions of the large intestine?
, 8. Compare and contrast peristalsis, segmentation, and tonic contractions in gastrointestinal
motility.
9. What is the migrating motor complex (MMC), and what is its function?
10. How does the structure of smooth muscle contribute to gastrointestinal motility?
DP4
1. What are the two main methods of transporting nutrients into enterocytes?
2. Explain the process of starch digestion, including the enzymes involved and the mechanism
of absorption.
3. Describe the significance of the hepatic portal vein in nutrient absorption.
4. How does bile salt act as an emulsifier of lipids, and what are the products of lipid digestion?
5. Define least cost optimization in diet formulation and mention its key considerations.
DP5
1. Explain the significance of papillae in the rumen of ruminants and how their abundance
changes in response to dietary factors.
2. Describe the phases in the rumen and their respective functions in the digestion process.
3. Discuss the role of cellulose in the diet of ruminants and how it is broken down in the rumen.
4. Why is fat intake limited in the diet of ruminants, and how does it affect microbial
fermentation in the rumen?
5. Identify and explain the functions of the four main microbial groups present in the rumen of
ruminants.
DP6
1. Compare and contrast the functions of the main olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal
organ in animals, highlighting their roles in sensory perception.
2. Discuss the taste preferences of cats and dogs, explaining their ability to taste certain
compounds and their evolutionary adaptations.
3. Explain the significance of dental formulae in carnivores like dogs and cats, and how they are
adapted for their respective diets.
4. Describe the feeding behavior differences between cats and wolves, and how these
behaviors are influenced by their dietary habits.
5. Analyze the digestive efficiency differences between dogs and cats, focusing on their abilities
to digest protein, fat, and starch, and the possible evolutionary factors contributing to these
variations.
NM1
1. What are the four classes of lipids mentioned in the text?
2. Can you name the three small fatty acids important for the exam?
3. What is the difference between post-prandial and post-absorptive states?
4. What are the three stages of metabolism?
5. Why doesn't the liver utilize ketone bodies, and where are they formed?
6. What are the mean absorption rates for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from food?
7. How are losses corrected in the context of protein urinary losses?
8. What are the roles of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in fermentation?
9. How does metabolic trapping function in glucose metabolism?
10. What are some important roles of ATP mentioned in the text?
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