Introduction to Programming
EXAM PREP
Date: 18/01/2024
, lOMoAR cPSD| 24668432
Introduction to Programming
What is Programming?
Programming is the process of designing and building an executable computer program to accomplish a specific task. It
involves writing code using a programming language, which acts as a set of instructions for the computer.
Why Learn Programming?
1. Problem Solving: Programming teaches you how to break down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts.
2. Automation: It enables automation of repetitive tasks, saving time and reducing errors.
3. Creativity: Programming allows you to create software, applications, and games, providing an outlet for creativity.
4. Critical Thinking: It enhances critical thinking and logical reasoning skills.
5. In-Demand Skill: In today's technology-driven world, programming is a highly sought-after skill in various industries.
Common Programming Paradigms
1. Imperative Programming: Focuses on giving the computer a sequence of tasks to perform.
2. Declarative Programming: Emphasizes describing the desired outcome without specifying the exact steps.
3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Organizes code into objects, which encapsulate data and behavior.
4. Functional Programming: Treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state
and mutable data.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 24668432
Programming Languages
1. High-Level vs. Low-Level Languages:
• High-Level Languages: Closer to human language, easier to understand. Examples: Python, Java.
• Low-Level Languages: Closer to machine code, more challenging but offer greater control. Examples: Assembly,
C.
2. Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages:
• Compiled Languages: Code is translated into machine code before execution. Examples: C, C++.
• Interpreted Languages: Code is executed line by line. Examples: Python, JavaScript.
Basic Programming Concepts
1. Variables and Data Types:
• Variables: Containers for storing data.
• Data Types: Categories of data, e.g., integers, floats, strings.
2. Control Structures:
• Conditional Statements: Execute code based on conditions (if-else statements).
• Loops: Repeat code until a condition is met (for, while loops).
3. Functions:
• Encapsulate a set of instructions to perform a specific task.
• Promotes code reusability and modularity.
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