Summary
Summary Grade 12 IEB Life Science: DNA - CRISPR-Cas9
- Course
- Grade 12 Life Science
- Institution
- Clifton School, Durban, KwaZulu Natal
Short Summary on CRISPR-Cas9 - New addition to the IEB Life Sciences syllabus
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The future of DNA technologyCRISPR-Cas 9
This is a genome editing tool. It is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous techniques of
editing Deirdre and has a wide range of potential applications.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
It is a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the
genome by removing, adding or altering selections of the DNA sequence.
How does it work?
The system consists of two key molecules. Firstly an enzyme called Cas9. This acts as scissors
that can cut two strands of DNA and a specific location of the genome so that bits of the DNA can
be added or moved. The other molecule is a piece of RNA called gRNA. This consists of a small
piece of predesigned RNA sequences, that are usually 20 basis long, located with in an RNA
scaffold. The scaffold part bands to DNA and the predesigned sequence guide Cas9 to the right
part of the genome. Just make sure that the enzyme cuts at the right point in the genome.
The guide RNA is designed to find as well as to find a specific sequence in the DNA. The guide
RNA has RNA bases that are complimentary to those of the targets DNA sequence in the
genome. This means that (at least in theory) the guide RNA what only bind to the target sequence
and no other regions of the genome.
The Cas9 follows the guide RNA to the same location in the DNA sequence and makes the cut
across both strands of DNA
At this stage the song recognises that the DNA is damage and tried to repair it
Scientists can use the DNA repair machinery introduce changes to one or more genes in the
genome of a cell of interest.
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