AMSCO APUSH CHAPTER 1-15 EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Some time between 10,000 and 40,000 years ago, people may have migrated from Asia to the Americas,
across a land bridge that connected Siberia and Alaska. Over a long period of time, successive generations migrated southward to the southern tip of South America. They evolved to hundreds of tribes, spoke different languages, and practiced different cultures. In the 1490s it is estimated that the Native American population was from 50 million to 100 million people. - correct answer ✔✔American Indian Societies 1491
In the 15th century (1400s) there were three primary motives for Europeans to explore and settle America were political, economic, and religious.
Political: In the 15th century Europe was changing politically. Nation states were forming, where the majority of people shared a common culture and a common loyalty toward a central government. The monarchs of these countries such as Spain, Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands depended on
trade to bring in needed revenue and they wanted to expand trade. Economic: In the past merchants had traveled a long, slow, and expensive land route to Asia. In 1453, this route was blocked when the Ottoman Turks seized control of Constantinople. In order to find a route to the rich Asian market, European nations funded exploration by sea. In 1492, Spain financed Christopher Columbus who sailed across the Atlantic in search of a route to Asia. He landed on an island in the Bah - correct answer ✔✔European incentives for exploring and settling of America
The Europeans and the original inhabitants of the Americas had developed vastly different cultures over thousands of years. This term refers to the transfer of plants, animals and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the other for the first time. Europe received beans, corn, potatoes tomatoes, and tobacco. America received sugar cane, bluegrasses, pigs, horses, the wheel, iron implements, guns, and most importantly diseases. - correct answer ✔✔Columbian Exchange
In the 17th century New England merchant ships would follow a triangle route. Starting from a New England port they would carry rum across the Atlantic to West African. There the rum would be traded for hundreds of African slaves. Next, the ship would sale to the West Indies (Caribbean), trade the slaves, and take on a cargo of sugar cane. The last part of the journey, they would return to a New England port and sell the sugarcane, which was used to make rum. - correct answer ✔✔triangular trade Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. It was miserable for the slaves transported and many died. - correct answer ✔✔Middle Passage
In the 17th century (1600s) most European kingdoms adopted the economic policy of mercantilism. Under mercantilism, colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country for the growth and profit of the parent countries industries. Colonies existed only to enrich the parent country. Spain and France had applied mercantilistic policies with their colonies from the beginning, but England began to apply mercantilistic policies in the mid 17th century. - correct answer ✔✔mercantilism
In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location. The Virginia Company, was a a joint-stock company chartered by England's King James I. The settlement was located in a swampy area which resulted in fatal outbreaks of malaria and dysentery. Many of the settlers were not accustomed to farming and hunting. Trade with the American Indians was important to the settlement and conflicts would halt trade and settlers went hungry. By 1624, the Virginia colony was near collapse, so King James I took direct control and turned it into England's first royal colony. - correct answer ✔✔Jamestown (cooperation, conflict, identity, leaders, failures, success, reasons for settling)
Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free. - correct answer ✔✔indentured servitude
This colony was started by the Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massachusetts). Originally known as Separatists, they wanted to organize a church separate from the Church of England. Several hundred of them left England and moved to Holland. In Holland they experienced economic hardship and cultural differences.
In 1620, they sailed aboard the Mayflower to Plymouth. In the first winter nearly half of them perished. They were eventually helped by friendly American Indians and celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621. - correct answer ✔✔Plymouth Colony (cooperation, conflict, identity)
In 1630, John Winthrop led about a thousand Puritans to America to found Boston and other towns, as the Massachusetts Bay Company, a royal charter colony. They were called Puritans because they were moderated dissenters, that believed the Church of England should be purified. They originally came to America for religious freedom. However, in the 1630s, a civil war in England drove nearly 15,000 settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in the Great Migration. - correct answer ✔✔Massachusetts Bay Colony (cooperation, conflict, identity, leaders, failures, success, reasons for settling)
In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that raided Native American villages, fought the Virginia governor's forces, and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. The rebellion occurred because the royal governor of Virginia (Sir William Berkeley) failed to protect the small farmers on Virginia's western frontier from Native American attacks. - correct answer ✔✔Bacon's Rebellion
From 1675 to 1676, the American Indian chief Metacom (King Philip), waged a vicious war against the English settlers in southern New England. - correct answer ✔✔King Philip's War
The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619. They were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant. Then discriminatory laws were passed, slaves and their offspring were kept in permanent bondage. - correct answer ✔✔African American slavery in the Colonies
This Puritan believed in antinomianism, the idea that faith alone, not deeds is necessary for salvation. She was banished from the Bay colony because of her beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth. - correct answer ✔✔Anne Hutchinson
In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence. He was a respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished
from the Bay colony for his beliefs. - correct answer ✔✔Roger Williams
This religious movement was at its peak in the 1730s and 1740s. It was characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. The movement had a democratizing effect by changing the way people viewed authority. Common people were encouraged to make their own religious decisions without relying on higher authority. A few decades in the future the colonists would why the king and royal governors should hold all political authority.
George Whitefield spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies, sometimes attracting crowds of 10,000 people. His sermons stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those who openly professed belief in Jesus Christ. Jonathan Edwards argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness. Those who repented could be saved by God's grace, but those who did not would suffer eternal damnation. - correct answer ✔✔Great Awakening: George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards
Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers. They believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. They believed that religious authority was found
within each person's soul and not in the Bible or any outside source. - correct answer ✔✔Quakers
