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RELG 2650 Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
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RELG 2650 Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
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RELG 2650 Exam Questions WithComplete Solutions
Ethics Correct Answers Sustained and intentional reflection on
morality and the moral life with analysis, discernment, reasoning, and argument. The process of evaluation on human morality. The Moral Event.
Morality Correct Answers The dimension of human experience and human meaning that deals with our beliefs, sensibilities, decisions, patterns of living concerning what is RIGHT and what is WRONG. Thinking about the human good. Measure of "shouldness"" what SHOULD people do?
Ethical Emphases Correct Answers - Moral Norms= "deonotological", focuses on universal impartial rules and responsibilities of moral conduct (actions make something right/wrong)
-Moral Actor= "virtue", regards the character of the person making a decision, virtue of their decision (coward/brave), and moral formation surrounding decision
-Moral Outcomes= "consequential", concerned with effects of moral decision, maximum positive effects determine good/wrong of actions
Bioethics Correct Answers The study of moral and ethical questions in the medicine/healthcare field. Evaluates ethical implications, moral subjects, moral dilemmas. Ties back to our fundamental beliefs. Emerged in 1960s with advances in medicine/technology. Shaped by its history. Multi-disciplinary: philosophy, medicine, theology, law, etc. It is controversial.
Utilitarianism Correct Answers A theory associated with Jeremy Bentham that is based upon the principle of "the greatest
happiness for the greatest number". The fundamental moral good is maximizing "utility" through ethical decisions. Cost benefit analysis. Ex. Weighing resources and risks of treatment. Allocating finite resources.
Downfalls of Utilitarianism Correct Answers 1. no independent weight to individual rights, autonomy, justification
2. difficulty of anticipating all outcomes and preventing negative
outcomes 3. overly demanding (does not differentiate moral minimums from supererogatory)
4. do we not want to consider motive??
5. end means problematic 6. absence of sacrifice, altruism
Deontological Correct Answers Formed by Kant. Ethical theory based on duty and obligation. Focuses on the moral norm/nature of action. Inspired by Enlightenment rationalism and autonomy. Absolute rule derived from ostensibly universal principles of reason, done out of sense of duty. ex: must always believe that lying is wrong: Kant believed he could logically derive absolute rules against killing the innocent, lying, committing suicide, and failing to rescue others, II- people cannot solely be a means; they must always be an ends Categorical Imperative Correct Answers A concept developed by the philosopher Immanuel Kant as an ethical guideline for behavior. In deciding whether an action is right or wrong, or desirable or undesirable, a person should evaluate the action in terms of what would happen if everybody else in the same situation, or category, acted the same way (under universal law and importance of human relationship).
Natural Law Correct Answers A form of deontology and a doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature (God embedded moral order into structure of creation) and, as such, can be understood by reason. Influential in the Roman/Catholic tradition. Nature is teleoogical (it has a purpose/meaning). This theory overrides considerations of utility, personal preference, and culturally specific laws. Supplies basic moral principles that can be applied
to various situations.Right action conform to the moral standards
in nature, general moral norms, Roman Catholics
Rights Theory Correct Answers An ethical theory that identifies a hierarchy of rights that should be considered in solving ethical dilemmas. Derived from modern democratic thinking. Emphasizes that besides duties, consequences, and virtue, it is important to recognize positive "rights" that persons bear since it is essential for ethics. Person who holds a right is allowed for justified claim (+) or recognizable claim to be free from someone(-). Unethical for an entity to override anyone's rights, even if there is moral justification on the basis of utility and duty.
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