Class notes
DNA Replication
- Course
- Molecular Biology (SMIB032)
- Institution
- University Of Limpopo (UL)
Is the introduction to molecular biology, DNA function, and Structure .Introduction before the DNA Replication.
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THE DNA AND GENE STRUCTURE[MOLECULAR BIOLOGY]
THE CHEMISTRY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA, RNA AS FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION
THE DNA STANDS FOR DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND RNA STANDS FOR
RIBONUCLEIC ACID.
DEF: THEY ARE LONG LINEAR POLYMERS THAT CARRY THE GENETIC
INFORMATION WITHIN THEM THAT CAN BE PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION
TO THE NEXT. THE GENETIC INFORMATION IS CARRIED BY THE SEQUENCE
(ORDER) OF THE NITROGENOUS BASES WITHIN THEIR STRANDS.
(ABOUT THE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS)
THE NUCLEIC ACIDS MUST HAVE THE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF BASES BECAUSE
THEY WILL BE USED IN THE FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION (TRANSLATION AND
TRANSCRITION).
THE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF DNA WILL BE REPLICATED INTO THE CORRECT
SEQUENCE OF ANOTHER DNA WHICH WILL BE TRANSCRIPTED INTO THE CORRECT
SEQUENCE OF RNA (m RNA) THAT WILL BE TRANSLATED INTO THE CORRECT
SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS WHICH WILL PRODUCE THE PROTEINS.
IS THE PASSING OF GENETIC MESSAGES THAT BRING HEREDITY AMONG
INDIVIDUALS (E.G. SIBLINGS WITH THE SAME COLOUR OF EYES) BUT THE
RESEMBLANCE IS THE INDIVIDUALS SHARING THE SAME GENES.
(ABOUT THE GENES AND RESEMBLANCE)
THE GENES IN COMMON BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WILL BRING THE RESEMBLANCE
BECAUSE THE GENE IS A FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF HEREDITY.
GENES ≥ HEREDITY ≥ RESEMBLANCE.
NOTE:THE FIRST PART OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (DNA METABOLISM)
, BESIDES GENE BEING THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF HEREDITY IS DEFINED BY BEING
THE SEQUENCE WITHIN THE GENOME THAT FUNCTION TO PRODUCE PRODUCTS
SUCH AS POLYPEPTIDES AND RNAs.
GENE PRODUCES 1. POLYPEPTIDES THUS MEANS THE GENE
2. RNAs AS THE SEGMENT OF DNA
IT CODE FOR
POLYPEPTIDES AND RNAs. IT IS PRODUCED THROUGH CODING.
(ABOUT THE GENE EXPRESSION)
THE GENE CODING IS GENE EXPRESSION BECAUSE IT IS WHERE THE GENES ARE
EXPRESSED TO EXERT AN EFFECT OF RESEMBLANCE THUS THE GENE IS
REGULATED BY ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN.
THE DNA (CHROMOSOMES) CONTAIN GENES IS THE KEY SENTENCE OF HEREDITY
AND RESEMBLANCE _ BECAUSE THE DIPLOID ORGANISM (MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISM) CONTAINS TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES WITH EACH SET INHERITED
FROM A DIFFERENT PARENT (MOTHER AND FATHER).
THEN, THOSE GENES CARRY GENES IN THE FORM OF ALLELES THUS TO BE SAID
EACH CHROMOSOME CONSISTS OF A LINEAR ARRAY OF GENES.
THAT MAKES THE CHROMOSOME HAVE ITS GENETIC MATERIAL WHICH IS THE
GENETIC MATERIAL THAT IS THE LENGTH OF DNA REPRESENTING MANY GENES
ON IT.
CHROMOSOME – THE SINGLE LONG MOLECULE OF DNA SEQUENCES THAT HAVE
SEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUAL GENES (GENE- SEGMENT OF DNA), FOUND ON
CERTAIN LOCATION ON CHROMOSOME CALLED LOCI.
TWO PRINCIPAL TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
1. DNA and 2.RNA
BOTH NUCLEIC ACIDS ARE MADE OF MONOMERS CALLED NUCLEOTIDES WHICH
ARE STRUCTURED IN FOUR LEVELS.
LEVEL 1: PRIMARY STRUCTURE – ORDER OF THE BASES IN THE POLYPEPTIDE
SEQUENCE.
LEVEL 2: SECONDARY STRUCTURE – THE 3D CONFORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE.
NOTE:THE FIRST PART OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (DNA METABOLISM)
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