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Summary Finis – Lina Spies
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- History
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- 10th Grade
Finis – Lina Spies Kleurvolle Gedig
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1History
Grade 10
Term 1
The following past papers were used to
compile these notes:
(NSC_NW MID YEAR 2019)/ NOV 2020 @IMPAQ / DBE JUN 2019
/DBE JUN 2018
Good luck: Juffrou Ansie
TOPIC 1: WORLD AROUND 1600
Dynasty Dynasty a line of kings or rulers from one family whose offspring has
ruled a country or empire for a very long time.
Empire A vast area comprising of different countries and controlled by
one country.
Emperor The word emperor is a general word for a ruler having total control
of a country or region.
Mongols Mongol, member of a Central Asian
ethnographic group of closely related tribal
peoples who live mainly on the Mongolian
Plateau and share a common language
and nomadic tradition.
Forbidden City It is located in the centre of Beijing, China, and was the Chinese
imperial palace from the early-Ming dynasty in 1420.
Great Wall of The Great Wall of China is a series of
China fortifications that were built across the
historical northern borders of ancient
Chinese states.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
Sunni Ali and The two most outstanding emperors of the Songhai Empire
Muhammad
Tore
The Songhai The Songhai empire rose to its prominence after the decline of the
empire Mali Empire and became known for its wealth and learning.
It became very powerful l because of its strong army, mineral
wealth, rich agriculture, and fishing.
Through its strong army the Songhai Empire was able to forge unity
in government and empire.
Renaissance Renaissance: name given to the period of intellectual and cultural
rebirth in Europe in the 16th century.
Conquistador A conquistador was a mounted Spanish soldier who wore heavy
steel armour and was armed with a sword and lance
HOW DID SUNNI ALI CHANGE SONGHAI FROM A VASSAL STATE TO BECOME AN EMPIRE
BETWEEN 1463 AND 1492?
An Overview of the Songhai Empire
• Songhai was a West African empire which rose to prominence after the decline
of the Mali Empire and became known for its wealth and learning.
• It became very powerful because of its strong army, mineral wealth, rich
agriculture, and fishing.
• Its most important rulers were Sunni Ali the Great (1464-1492) and Muhammad
Ture (1493-1528).
• Sunni Ali was the founder of the Songhai Empire, and he excelled in creating a
strong army and forging unity in government and empire.
• Muhammad Ture excelled in promoting trade, culture, and learning.
• The rulers of Songhai were hereditary and tyrant.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
The reasons for the decline of the Songhai Empire.
• By 1591 Songhai was in decline and the Moroccans, using firearms, were able to
defeat them.
• The reasons for this decline were civil wars, drought and diseases, Songhai losing
control of trade network, and its army had not been modernised.
• The Portuguese competition on the coast of West Africa was too much for
Songhai as the Portuguese traders took control of the gold and slave trade.
• When the Moroccans defeated the Songhai army at the Battle of Tondibi, the
empire of Songhai came to an end.
__________________________________________
Source 1A (NSC_NW MID YEAR 2019)
The source below explains the origins of the Songhai Empire
The Songhai Empire (aka Songhay, c.1460 to c1591) replaced Mali as the most important
empire in west Africa (covering modern states of Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria and Mali.
Origination (beginning) as a smaller kingdom along the eastern side of the Niger river, the
Songhai would expand their territory dramatically from the reign of King Sunni Ali (1464-
1492).
By the 11th century Songhai controlled a vast export industry along the Niger river from her
administrative city of Gao. In 1323 the armies of the Mali Empire invaded and captured
Gao and making Songhai a vassal state of Mali. In the 15th century, unchecked growth and
political infighting prevented Mali from addressing the spread of secession (independence)
among their vassal states.
Sunni Ali, who became Songhai king in 1464 led the military in defending Gao from the
Mossi kingdom. With the city secured the Songhai began a program of military expansion
and eventually controlled the Niger river delta and the trans-Saharan trade. In 1471
Songhai captured intellectual and cultural city of Timbuktu from the Taureg and shortly in
1473 the economic city of Djenne. By 1480s the Islamic kingdoms of Taureg and the Mossi
had been subjugated (defeated) and integrated into the Songhai empire … Sunni Ali’s
administration angered the Islamic community by granting equal status to native African
traditional religion and reducing the power and influence of the Islamic scholars.
[From htts://www.encyclopedia.com. Accessed on 1 April 2019]
@Juffrou_Ansie
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