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Brooks Biological Principles Exam 1 Questions and Answers(GRADED A+)
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What is Life? - ANSWER_no definition Attributes of Living Things - ANSWER_Complex Organization Growth Metabolism (Catabolic, Anabolism) Movement Reproduction Responsiveness *Some forms of life may not show all aspects at a given point in time, but are still alive* Metabolism - ANSWER_...

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  • March 23, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Brooks Biological Principles Exam 1
Questions and Answers(GRADED A+)

What is Science? - ANSWER_knowledge obtained through study or practice

What is Life? - ANSWER_no definition

Attributes of Living Things - ANSWER_Complex Organization
Growth
Metabolism (Catabolic, Anabolism)
Movement
Reproduction
Responsiveness
*Some forms of life may not show all aspects at a given point in time, but are still
alive*

Metabolism - ANSWER_the sum of all chemical reactions

Catabolic Reactions - ANSWER_breaking down molecules

Anabolic Reactions - ANSWER_build up molecules or store energy
Ex: making ATP, building nucleic acids

The Scientific Method - ANSWER_is how scientists study biology based on their
observation of a phenomena and formulate testable, *falsifiable* hypotheses

The BEST experimental design is one in which - ANSWER_you can falsify your
hypothesis

Because all hypothesis's are falsifiable... - ANSWER_we can reject them

Steps of the Scientific Method - ANSWER_1. Observe
2. Question
3. Hypothesis (falsify)
4. Prediction
5. Test Hypothesis (experiment/observation)
i. Statistical Analysis (in most cases)
6. Conclusion (Theory)

Inductive Reasoning - ANSWER_aka hypothetic-deductive reasoning
Specific --> General
Ex: Because every mammal we've ever seen has hair, we might induce that all
mammals have hair
*Inductions are often wrong, to recognize the difference between the two, look for the
word "all."*

, Hypothesis - ANSWER_Formulate a testable and falsifiable hypothesis
Based on induction
Scientific Method

Deductive Reasoning - ANSWER_General-->Specific
Because all animals with hair are mammals, we can deduce that the furry thing
outside is a mammal

Prediction - ANSWER_We make predictions about our hypothesis
Based on deduction
Scientific Method

Evolution - ANSWER_theory that all organisms are related to one another by a
common ancestor

Two Mechanisms of Evolution - ANSWER_1. Acquired Characteristics
2. Natural Selection

Lamarck - ANSWER_Acquired characteristics (*Use-disuse theory*); Suggested that
an organism could use or not use certain features, thereby modifying themselves
and then transferring that modification onto their offspring (disproven)

Lamarck's Theory of Giraffes - ANSWER_believed giraffes got taller by stretching
out their necks

Natural Selection - ANSWER_a mechanism formulated by Charles Darwin and
Alfred Wallace
the process in which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive
and produce more offspring

Charles Darwin - ANSWER_wrote in 1859 the "Origin of Species" by means of
natural selection
showed evidence of evolution, did not come up with it
Sailed to the Galapagos Islands where he found finches related to south american
mainland finches, but had very diverse beaks uncomparable to mainland birds, due
to adaptation on the island

Alfred Wallace - ANSWER_independently came up with the same idea of natural
selection in which he sent to Darwin to review, without knowing that Darwin had
formulated the same theory
Darwin then published his own work first when he learned that Wallace had the
same hypothesis, making Darwin famous

How would Lamarck and Darwin explain how human teeth are getting smaller? -
ANSWER_Lamarck: worn down or eroded teeth could be passed on to offspring
Darwin: ancestors who happened to be born with ever-so-slightly smaller teeth were
at an advantage, so were more likely to survive and reproduce (natural selection),
and have smaller-toothed offspring. You could conclude that having small teeth was
advantageous to the ancestors.

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