HUBS 1406 Exam Prep Questions and Answers 2024/2025 with complete Verified solution
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Course
HUBS 1406
Institution
HUBS 1406
HUBS 1406 Exam Prep Questions and Answers 2024/2025 with complete Verified solution
A critically ill patient in hospital who requires fluid replacement is given a large infusion of hypertonic saline by mistake. What would be the likely result of this?
Hypertonic saline would cause water to move...
HUBS 1406 Exam Prep Questions and Answers 2024/2025
with complete Verified solution
A critically ill patient in hospital who requires fluid replacement is given a large
infusion of hypertonic saline by mistake. What would be the likely result of this?
Hypertonic saline would cause water to move out of the patient's cells into the blood,
resulting in cell shrinkage. If this occurred in the brain, then brain function would be
compromised.
A menopausal woman who eats a well-balanced diet with adequate vitamins and
minerals is showing signs of mild osteoporosis. Which of the following changes
is likely to be the most beneficial in terms of reversing this?
An exercise regime of daily walking/jogging, to increase stress on the bones
A patient has suffered central nervous system damage after a car accident. This
could mean that there was direct damage to:
the brain and/or the spinal cord
Anxiety disorders are becoming increasingly common in our society, and may
also be helping to increase the incidence of a number of other illnesses such as
heart disease, infections and cancer. What is the most likely link between anxiety
and these other diseases?
An anxious state of mind results in an increase in the release of the stress hormone
cortisol. This hormone also suppresses immune function, leaving an individual more
vulnerable to infections and cancers.
Body fluids such as blood and intracellular fluid have their pH strictly controlled.
There are some body fluids, however, that are acidic. In which of the following
locations would you expect to find strongly acidic fluids and what would the
purpose be ?
the stomach, to destroy incoming organisms
If a person does some very intense exercise, what is likely to happen to the
acidity of their blood?
The pH will go down slightly, meaning the fluids are more acidic
Patricia is suffering from emphysema which is limiting gas transfer in her lungs.
Her arterial oxygen is low and her arterial carbon dioxide is high. However, the
acidity of her arterial blood is still within normal limits. What is Patricia's body
doing to keep the pH within normal limits?
Patricia's kidneys will be excreting more acid to compensate for the high arterial carbon
dioxide level.
People who suffer from asthma attacks are sometimes taught to breathe out
through a small tube while they are having an attack. What good would this do?
The narrow tube would cause the air pressure inside the airways to increase, preventing
the collapse of small airways during expiration.
Premature babies may deveop great difficulty breathing immediately after birth,
and have to make huge efforts to breathe - a condition known as infant
respiratory distress syndrome. If this occurred, they would be given a particular
drug via a breathing tube. What would this drug do?
, It would reduce the surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs, allowing the babies to
inflate their lungs more easily
Soft bones (osteomalacia) and rickets can be a problem in people who keep their
entire skin surface covered most of the time, for example, muslim women who
wear a burka. Why would this be?
Bones rely on their calcium content to make them hard, and calcium absorption into the
body is dependent on the active form of vitamin D. Vitamin D is converted to an active
form by the action of sunlight on the skin. If the skin does not get any sunlight on it, then
this process will not occur, and bones will become soft.
The glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes. The test involves giving
the subject a glucose drink, and then monitoring the blood level of glucose at
intervals afterwards. How does this test show whether a person has diabetes or
not?
In a healthy person, the blood glucose level should rise rapidly after drinking the
glucose drink, but should drop to pre-test levels within 2 hours, as insulin will have
caused the removal of glucose from the blood stream into cells.
Urine dipsticks are a quick and easy way to check for a range of substances in
the urine. If the dipstick indicates that significant protein and blood is present in a
urine sample, is this normal or abnormal?
Neither blood nor protein should be present in significant amounts in urine, so both
results suggest something is not quite right.
What does it mean to be anaemic?
It means that your blood is unable to carry as much oxygen as it should
What is a vaccine?
It is a piece of a disease-causing pathogen, which, when injected into a person,
stimulates the production of antibodies to the pathogen.
You go to your doctor for a check up and she tells you that your blood pressure
is 120 over 80.What does this mean?
The pressure in your large arteries as the left ventricle is contracting reaches 120 mm
Hg, and drops to 80 mm Hg between contractions.
The hormone oxytocin:
Stimulates milk "let-down" from the breast and contraction of the uterus
Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you
would expect magnesium to form ions with a charge of
+2.
Patients who have suffered strokes often suffer more brain damage after the
stroke because of oedema (swelling) of the brain cells. To try to reduce this
oedema, a carbohydrate known as mannitol is given intravenously. Mannitol is a
large sugar which cannot get out of the blood vessels. Why should this reduce
the swelling of the brain cells?
Since mannitol cannot leave the blood vessels, and since it is a solute, the extra solute
will make the blood hypertonic relative to the surrounding fluids, which will mean water
will move from the tissue fluids into the blood, and also from the cells into the tissue
fluids.
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