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Samenvatting Weefsels H8: Zenuwweefsel
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Samenvatting gebaseerd op slides van professor Vral met bijhorende notities van in de les, alles wat je voor de theorie moet kennen van dit onderdeel.
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Samenvatting zenuwweefselInhoud
1.1 Inleiding............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Neuronen..........................................................................................................................................2
1.2.1 Perikaryon..................................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 Dendriet.....................................................................................................................................3
1.2.3 Axon...........................................................................................................................................3
1.2.4 Verschillende types neuronen...................................................................................................4
1.3 Synapsen...........................................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Opbouw.....................................................................................................................................5
1.3.3 Algemene indeling chemische synapsen....................................................................................5
1.3.3.1 Interneuronale synaps........................................................................................................5
1.3.3.2 Neuro-effectorsynaps..........................................................................................................5
1.4 Neuroglia of steunweefsel................................................................................................................6
1.4.2 Centraal zenuwstelsel................................................................................................................6
1.4.2.1 Ependymcellen...................................................................................................................6
1.4.2.2 Microgliacellen....................................................................................................................7
1.4.2.3 Astrocyten...........................................................................................................................7
1.4.2.4 Oligodendrocyten...............................................................................................................7
1.4.3 Perifeer zenuwstelsel.................................................................................................................8
1.4.3.1 Mantelcellen.......................................................................................................................8
1.4.3.2 Schwanncellen....................................................................................................................8
1.5 Zenuwvezels.....................................................................................................................................8
1.5.2 Zenuwvezels in het perifeer zenuwstelsel..................................................................................8
1.5.2.1 Mergloze zenuwvezel..........................................................................................................8
1.5.1.2 Merghoudende zenuwvezel................................................................................................8
1.5.2 Zenuwvezels in het centraal zenuwstelsel.................................................................................9
1.5.2.1 Merloze zenuwvezel............................................................................................................9
1.5.2.2 Merghoudende zenuwvezel................................................................................................9
1.6 Centraal zenuwstelsel.......................................................................................................................9
1.7 Perifeer zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................9
1.8 Bindweefselhulzen..........................................................................................................................10
1.9 Degeneratie & regeneratie.............................................................................................................10
1.9.1 In het perifeer zenuwstelsel.....................................................................................................10
1
, 1.9.2 In het centraal zenuwstelsel....................................................................................................11
1.1 Inleiding
- Functie
o Analyseren + groeperen + beantwoorden van stimuli/prikkel van binnen/buiten af
o Geven prikkels door aan 2e zenuwcel of aan doelwit cel (spieren & klieren)
- Specifieke eigenschap
o Prikkelbaarheid
Wijzigen ionengradiënt= wijziging in membraanpotentiaal zetten prikkel
om in depolarisatiegolf door ion kanalen te openen = actiepotentiaal
Prikkel weg repolarisatie alles terug naar rustpotentiaal
Rust
In cel: kalium & -
Buiten cel: natrium & +
-70 mV
Kalium naar binnen
Natrium naar buiten
Depolarisatie= actiepotentiaal
+20 mV
Natrium gaat naar binnen
In cel: +
Buiten cel: -
Repolarisatie
- 70mv
Kalium gaat naar buiten
In cel: -
Uit cel: +
- Componenten
o Neuronen of zenuwcellen met uitlopers
o Steuncellen of gliacellen
o Beschermend bindweefsel
Enkel rond perifeer zenuwstelsel
1.2 Neuronen
- = eigenlijke zenuwcellen
- Ontvangen + integreren + doorgeven van prikkels
- Neuron= eenheid van het zenuwstelsel
- Geheel van uitlopers= neuropilemma
o Uitlopers kunnen zeer lang zij van teen naar ruggenmerg: 1m
- Kunnen meerdere dendrieten hebben
- Hebben max. 1 axon kunnen ook geen axon hebben
1.2.1 Perikaryon
- = eigenlijke cellichaam
- Verwerkt stimulus/informatie
- Bestaat uit centraal gelegen kern met nucleool
o Euchromatisch hoge eiwitsynthese
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