Summary

Summary FLG 211 Unit 2 Notes

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Course
FLG 211

Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)

Book
Human Physiology

Unit 2 notes on FLG 211. The notes are made using the lecture slides, textbook and extra information given by lecturers during class. I got a distinction using these notes. Thank you for your support. I hope you enjoy Physiology as much as I do. Good luck!

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human physiology

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FLG 211 Semester test 1 Notes

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1. Summary - Flg 211 unit 1 notes
2. Summary - Flg 211 unit 3 notes
3. Summary - Flg 211 unit 2 notes
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FLG 211 Copyright Micaela de Jager

Unit 2 – Muscle Physiology

UNIT 2 – LECTURE 1: SKELETAL MUSCLE

ORIENTATION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS

MICAELA DE JAGER 31

,FLG 211 Copyright Micaela de Jager

ANATOMICAL PLANES
Median or midsagittal:
- Single imaginary vertical line
- Long axis of the body
- Divides body into 2 identical right and left halves

Sagittal plane:

- Divides body into left and right halves
- Any vertical line at any place of the body

Coronal or frontal plane
- Any vertical line
- Perpendicular to the median or midsagittal plane
- Divides body into a front (anterior) and back (posterior) half

Transverse or horizontal plane
- Any plane perpendicular to both the median and coronal planes
- Divides body into an upper (superior) and lower (inferior) half

Oblique plane
- Movement – around oblique axis
- Any movement that cannot be explained with the sagittal, frontal
or horizontal plane is normally in oblique plane
Eg.
o Golf swing
o Tennis serve

MICAELA DE JAGER 32

, FLG 211 Copyright Micaela de Jager

ANATOMICAL POSITION

• Body is in erect position
• Head, eyes and toes facing forward
• Upper limbs at side of body
• Palms facing forward (anterior)
• Thumbs facing outward (lateral)

WHAT CAUSES MOVEMENT?

STIMULUS ENERGY LEVER

➢ Get message from the brain ➢ food which is transformed into ➢ joint
that you need to move. “usable” energy known as ➢ muscles
➢ nerves – nervous system ➢ tendons
➢ motor – action ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) ➢ bones (skeletal system)
➢ sensory – sensing
➢ used to sustain movement

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Contraction
• Support
• Generate motion
• Generate force Striations
• Generate heat

Types of muscles Intercalated discs

No striations

MICAELA DE JAGER 33

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