Summary
Summary Food and Nutrition
- Course
- Consumer Studies
- Institution
- St Mary's School, Waverley, Johannesburg
Detailed notes on topic 2 'Food and Nutrition.' These notes were made following the IEB syllabus document.
[Show more]
3 reviews
By: oliviaannfowler • 3 year ago
By: jemmashannon • 5 year ago
By: giseleswart • 5 year ago
Content preview
Food and NutritionHealth Conditions (2.1)
HIV/AIDS
Description
● AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) an infectious, deadly disease
caused by (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HIV
● Antibodies and cells form part of the immune system that protects the body
against germs, viruses and parasites
● HIV destroys white blood cells (T-helper Cells) that fight diseases and infections
● A person with HIV will have a weakened immune system, develop AIDS and be
susceptible to infections
● These diseases can eventually cause death
Causes
● HIV lives in bodily fluids and is transmitted when a healthy person comes into
contact with the blood of an infected person
● Transmission can take place through
○ Unprotected sex
○ Sharing needles
○ Using unsterilised needles
○ Blood transfusions with infected blood
○ Medical procedures with unsterilised instruments
○ A baby from her mother during birth
Symptoms
● People will only find out after a test
● AIDS is the late stage of HIV
● People are very ill
● Intense weight loss
● Diarrhoea
● Sore mouth
Stages of the illness
● At the beginning stages, a variety of healthy foods will strengthen the immune
system and slow down the development of the illness
● Second stage- immune system continues to weaken
○ Secondary problems such as a sore mouth, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, nausea
and weight loss
● The third stage- the immune system is completely weak and serious infection
, occurs
● The patient starts to waste away but with good nutrition may survive for a long
time
Prevention
● Abstain from sex
● Never have unprotected sex
● Know your HIV status
● Never share needle
Management- dietary changes
● No cure for aids
● A healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of infections
Healthy eating habits to support the immune system
● Maintaining body weight
● Follow a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods
● Eat fresh fruits and vegetables that are rich in fibre and antioxidants
● Eat protein every day, it prevents muscle loss
● Eat more carbohydrates (sugars) and fats- increase kilojoule intake
● Don’t eat fats in the later stages as it causes diarrhoea
● Drink 8 glasses of clean water per day
● Include starch as the basis of each meal
Anti-oxidants
● Substances that protect cells from damage caused by unstable molecules known
as free radicals
● Damage from free radicals may lead to cancer
● Antioxidants interact with and stabilize free radicals and prevent damage that free
radicals cause
● They prevent infection and slow down disease by keeping the immune system
healthy
Nutrients recommended for HIV/AIDS patients
Protein
Food Source
● Meat
● Chicken
● Fish
● Nuts
● Soya beans
● Dried beans
Function
, ● Builds up and strengthens immune system
● Helps prevent muscle loss
Vitamin A
Food Source
● Found only in animal foods
● Liver and Kidneys
● Egg yolk
● Beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A) found in orange fruits and vegetables
● The body converts beta-carotene to vitamin A
Function
● Promotes healthy mucous membranes in the lungs and digestive tract
● Helps with immune function
● Beta-carotene is an anti-oxidant
Vitamin B6
Food Source
● White beans
● Potatoes
● Meat
● Fish
Function
● Maintains a healthy immune system and nervous systems
Vitamin C
Food Source
● All fresh fruit and vegetables
● Guava
● Green peppers
● Citrus fruits
Function
● Strengthens the immune system
● Aids recovery from infections
● An anti-oxidant
Vitamin E
Food Source
● Plant Oils
● Margarine
● Nuts
Function
● Anti-oxidant that prevents infections and damage to cells
, Selenium
Food Source
● Whole-wheat bread
● Grains
● Maize
Function
● Activates T-helper cells
● Antioxidant
Zinc
Food Source
● Liver
● Red meat
● Chicken
● Shellfish
Function
● Maintains the immune system
Management- other lifestyle changes
● Prepare and handle food hygienically
○ Do not eat raw eggs
○ Wash fruits and vegetables
○ Use separate chopping boards
○ Wash hands
● Prepare food to preserve nutritional value
○ Do not overcook food
○ Do not soak vegetables in water for too long
○ Include raw fruit and vegetables
● Take vitamin and mineral supplements
● Avoid alcohol
● Exercise often
● ARVs
○ ARVs cannot cure HIV/AIDS but can enhance the quality of life of patients
○ Reduce the risk of infections
Managing the diet and lifestyle of AIDS patients with a sore mouth
● Choose moist, soft foods cool or at room temperature
○ Mashed potato or minced meat
● Avoid sticky foods that are hard to swallow
● Avoid hard and very dry foods
● Avoid spicy, salty and acidic foods
● Liquids should be drunk through a straw
● If a patient’s gums are painful the mouth can be rinsed with bicarbonate of soda
mixed with water
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller laurenengelbrecht270. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R100,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
48298 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 15 years now