- Diaphragms – must be refitted for every 2 years by a provider or if you have gained more
than 15lbs or have had a full term pregnancy or a 2nd term abortion, you must also use
spermicide with every act of sex, must remain in place for 6 hours after sex
Oral Birth Control
- Hormonal methods, nuva ring, patch, etc. are contraceptive methods that have side effects
very similar to all they include; chest pain, SOB, leg pain, HA, vision problems, could mean
potential blood clot or stroke, of PE, or HTN. Smokers are at higher risk. Women who smoke are
not recommended to take oral birth control.
Contraindications include: history of blood clots, stroke, cardiac problems, or estrogen related
cancer, or if you are a smoker
***What if I miss a dose?--> the nurse should instruct the pt that if there was only 1
dose missed, take asap, if 2-3 doses missed, go by the manufactures’ instructions.
****EFFECTIVENESS decreases when taking anticonvulsants and ABX.**** (Any
medications that affect liver enzymes).
Depo Provera (Injectable Progestins) – can cause decrease in bone density, loss in calcium
mineral, will need adequate calcium and vitamin D to protect bones.
Should only be used as a long term method of birth method.
IUD’s – Intrauterine Devices
,• can increase risk for pelvic inflammatory disease, and uterine perforation, and will
increase risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• LOOK for change in string length, foul smelling discharge, painful intercourse, fever,
chills, etc
➢ Surgical procedure: consisting of severance and/ or burning or blocking the fallopian to
prevent fertilization.
➢ Risk of ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy occurs.
Infertility – inability to conceive after trying for at least 12 months (1yr)
-work up will be done after that, will start with male (usual 40% of time issue is with them)
-test on female, any test that has dye ensure no shellfish allergy or iodine.
Nursing Interventions:
• Any medications that are used to treat infertility may increase the risk of multiple births
by more than 25%.
• Mothers who are less than 16 years old and older than 35 years old.
Pregnancy Signs-3 Signs
1. Presumptive – can be explained by a reason other than pregnancy
, a. Amenorrhea
b. Fatigue
c. N/V
d. Urinary Frequency
e. Linea nigra
f. Cholasma (mask of pregnancy)
g. Breast Changes
h. Uterine Enlargement
2. Probable – signs can caused by physiological factors other than pregnancy.
a. abdominal enlargement
b. Cervical Changes
c. Hegar’s Sign: softening of lower uterus
d. Goodell’s Sign: softening of cervical tip
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