Exam (elaborations)
DVA3706 ROLE OF COLONISATION AND MODERNISATION THEORY IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
DVA3706 ROLE OF COLONISATION AND MODERNISATION THEORY IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3
The history and dynamic of rural development ........................................................... 3
MODERNALISATION ................................................................................................. 3
Modernization and democracy ................................................................................ 5
Modernization and economic development ............................................................ 8
Modernization and globalization ............................................................................. 9
The heuristics of rural development ........................................................................... 9
Rural poverty ............................................................................................................ 10
Approaches to development ..................................................................................... 12
The role of NGOs/non-profits in developing countries .............................................. 13
International examples ............................................................................................. 14
South Africa .......................................................................................................... 14
Rural development in Uganda .............................................................................. 16
Debates in decentralization efforts in Uganda ...................................................... 17
Nigeria .................................................................................................................. 18
References ............................................................................................................... 23
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Introduction
According to Binswanger-Mkhize and McCalla (2010) rural development can be
defined as the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of
people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas.
Hinderink and Sterkenburg (2022) add that, rural regions have experienced rural
poverty, which is greater than urban or suburban economic regions due to lack of
access to economic activities, and lack of investments in key infrastructure such as
education.
The history and dynamic of rural development
According to Binswanger-Mkhize and McCalla (2010) rural development has
traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as
agriculture and forestry. However, Hinderink and Sterkenburg (2022) argues that
changes in global production networks and increased urbanization have changed the
character of rural areas. Increasingly rural tourism, niche manufacturers, and
recreation have replaced resource extraction and agriculture as dominant economic
drivers. According to Binswanger-Mkhize and McCalla (2010) the need for rural
communities to approach development from a wider perspective has created more
focus on a broad range of development goals rather than merely creating incentive for
agricultural or resource-based businesses.
According to Binswanger-Mkhize and McCalla (2010) education, entrepreneurship,
physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing
rural regions. Rural development as noted by Hinderink and Sterkenburg (2022) is
also characterized by its emphasis on locally produced economic development
strategies. In contrast to urban regions, which have many similarities, rural areas are
highly distinctive from one another. For this reason, there are a large variety of rural
development approaches used globally (Berg, Blankespoor & Selod, 2020).
MODERNALISATION
Modernisation refers to a model of a progressive transition from a "pre-modern" or
"traditional" to a "modern" society (Nchuchuwe & Adejuwon, 2012). The theory
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