Ongelooflike opsomings wat al die werk in 'n meer sinvolle manier weerspieel. Die werk is so weerspieel dat mens beter verstaan wat sal lei tot die vermindering van tyd wat bestee moet word aan leer.
Die opsommings is 'n moet he vir biologie graad 10.
DIE CHEMIE VAN LEWE
MOLEKULES: ANORGANIES EN ORGANIESE VERBINGS
Hersiening:
• Materie bestaan uit atome van die elemente.
• Atome word deur chemiese bindings verbind om molekules te vorm
• ‘n Molekule is enige chemiese struktuur wat bestaan uit atome wat deur bindings
aanmekaar gehou word.
• ‘n Verbinding is ‘n chemiese stof wat bestaan uit atome van twee of meer elemente.
Materie ( lewend of nie lewend ) bestaan uit ORGANIESE of ANORGANIESE stowwe wat
voorkom as mineraalelemente en molekules.
Bv. Tafelsout (mineraalelement en NaCl molekule )
ANORGANIESE VERBINDINGS
Gevorm deur
• natuurlike geofisiese prosesse in die omgewing
? • lewende organismes: metabolisme reaksies
Oplosmiddel
Vervoer stowwe in die eksterne en interne omgewing
Water Medium waarin chemiese reaksies kan plaasvind in
Temperatuur beheer
In voortplanting
Ondersteuning en struktuur
Gr 10 1
, BIOLOGY
VasPenNotas: Onderwerp 1
Kom natuurlik as soute in die eksterne
omgewing voor
Mineraalelemente vir Gebrek aan mikro- of/ en makrominerale kan
diere en mense siektes as gevolg van ‘n tekort veroorsaak.
Makrominraalelemente- die wat in groot hoeveelhede benodig word
natrium (Na); kalium (K); kalsium (Ca) en fosfor (P)
Mikromineraalelemente- die wat in klein hoeveelhede nodig is (spoorelemente); wat
as soute opgeneem word (ione)
Yester (Fe); Jodium (I)
Mineraalelemente • Benodig vir hul metaboliese prosesse
wat plante benodig • Word as soute (ione) uit die grond opgeneem
Makromineraalelemente
• Stikstof (N); fosfor (P); kalium (K); kalsium (Ca), magnesium (Mg); swael (S); Yster (Fe)
• (N)- gaan wortels binne as nitrate deur die grond:
o Ontbinding van humus
o Mis en urine van diere
o Stikstoffiksering
o Bemestingstowwe (nitrate of ammoniak)
• (P)- gaan wortels binne as fosfate:
o Ontbinding van humus
o Mis en urine van diere
o Mineraliseringsprosesse van rotse
o Fosfaatbemesting (fosfate)
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