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Samenvatting Psychopathologie - tweede jaar tweede semester R208,39
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  2.  
  3. Arteveldehogeschool (Artevelde)
  4.  
  5. Sociaal Werk
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  7. Psychopathologie

Summary

Samenvatting Psychopathologie - tweede jaar tweede semester
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  • Course
  • Psychopathologie
  • Institution
  • Arteveldehogeschool (Artevelde)

Deze samenvatting bevat 7 thema's die tijdens de lessen psychopathologie, gegeven door Henk Sap en Lynn Braeckman, aan bod kwamen: 0. De verschillende benaderingen 1. Abnormaliteit 2. Classificatie 3. Angststoornissen en OCD 4. Eetstoornissen 5. Neurobiologische ontwikkelingsstoornissen 6. D...

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Document information

  • May 1, 2024
  • 86
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • abnormaliteit
  • classificatie
  • angststoornissen
  • ocd
  • eetstoornissen
  • ass
  • adhd
  • anorexia nervosa
  • boulimie nervosa
  • middelgerelateerde
  • neurobiologische ontwikkelingsstoornissen
  • depressieve stemmingsstoornissen

Written for

  • Arteveldehogeschool (Artevelde)
  • Sociaal Werk
  • Psychopathologie
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PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
Inhoud
Thema 0: De verschillende benaderingen.......................................................................................... 6
1. De neuro-biologische benadering................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Een historische schets............................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Uitgangspunten......................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Uitgangspunten bij de etiologie: drie verklaringsmodellen.........................................................6
1.4 Poging tot besluit....................................................................................................................... 8
2. De psychoanalytische benadering.................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Uitgangspunten......................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Uitgangspunten van de etiologie...............................................................................................8
2.3 Basisbegrippen.......................................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Poging tot besluit....................................................................................................................... 9
3. De leertheoretische benadering...................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Uitgangspunten......................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Uitgangspunten van de etiologie: vier leerparadigma’s.............................................................9
3.3 Poging tot besluit..................................................................................................................... 12
4. Humanistische benadering............................................................................................................ 12
4.1 Uitgangspunten....................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Uitgangspunten van de etiologie............................................................................................. 12
4.3 Basisbegrippen........................................................................................................................ 13
4.4 Poging tot besluit..................................................................................................................... 13
5. De cognitieve benadering.............................................................................................................. 13
5.1 Uitgangspunten....................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Belangrijke figuren................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Uitgangspunten van de etiologie............................................................................................. 14
5.4 Basisbegrippen........................................................................................................................ 14
5.5 Poging tot besluit..................................................................................................................... 15
6. De systeemtheoretische benadering............................................................................................. 15
6.1 Uitgangspunten....................................................................................................................... 15
6.2 Uitgangspunten van de etiologie............................................................................................. 15
6.3 Basisbegrippen........................................................................................................................ 15
6.4 Poging tot besluit..................................................................................................................... 15
7. Het kwetsbaarheids-stress model................................................................................................. 16
7.1 Uitgangspunten....................................................................................................................... 16
7.2 Poging tot besluit..................................................................................................................... 16


Pagina 1 van 86

, 8. De sociologische benadering........................................................................................................ 17
8.1 Uitgangspunten....................................................................................................................... 17
8.2 Uitgangspunten van de etiologie............................................................................................. 17
8.3 Poging tot besluit..................................................................................................................... 17
Thema 1: Abnormaliteit...................................................................................................................... 18
1. Het terrein van de klinische psychologie.......................................................................................18
2. Abnormaal gedrag......................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 Als gedrag waaronder mensen lijden......................................................................................19
2.2 Als disfunctioneel gedrag......................................................................................................... 19
2.3 Als irrationeel en onbegrijpelijk gedrag....................................................................................19
2.4 Als onvoorspelbaar en oncontroleerbaar gedrag.....................................................................20
2.5 Als opvallend en onconventioneel gedrag...............................................................................20
2.6 Als ongemakkelijk aanvoelend gedrag....................................................................................20
2.7 Als norm overschrijdend gedrag.............................................................................................. 21
3. Drie dominante modellen in de samenleving.................................................................................21
3.1 Een statistisch model............................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Een medisch model................................................................................................................. 22
3.3 een leermodel/therapeutisch model......................................................................................... 23
Thema 2: Classificatie........................................................................................................................ 24
1. Wat is classificeren?..................................................................................................................... 24
1.1 Inleidend.................................................................................................................................. 24
1.2 Soorten classificatie................................................................................................................. 25
1.3 Classificatie in context............................................................................................................. 26
1.4 Criteria voor adequate classificatie.......................................................................................... 26
2. DSM-5........................................................................................................................................... 26
2.1 Hoofdcategorieën DSM-5........................................................................................................ 28
2.2 Commentaar............................................................................................................................ 28
3. Toekomst?.................................................................................................................................... 29
Thema 3: Angststoornissen en OCD................................................................................................ 30
1. Angststoornissen........................................................................................................................... 30
1.1 Angst....................................................................................................................................... 30
1.2 Angststoornissen..................................................................................................................... 30
1.3 Prevalentie en comorbiditeit.................................................................................................... 31
1.4 Etiologie................................................................................................................................... 32
1.5 Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 32
2. Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis................................................................................................. 32
2.1 Prevalentie en comorbiditeit.................................................................................................... 33
2.2 Etiologie................................................................................................................................... 33


Pagina 2 van 86

, 2.3 Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 33
Thema 4: Eetstoornissen................................................................................................................... 34
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................. 34
1. Anorexia nervosa.......................................................................................................................... 34
2. Boulimie nervosa........................................................................................................................... 36
3. Comorbiditeit en prevalentie.......................................................................................................... 37
4. Etiologie........................................................................................................................................ 37
4.1 Het multicausaliteitsmodel....................................................................................................... 37
4.2 Het slankheidsideaal............................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Serotoninemodel..................................................................................................................... 37
4.4 Disfunctionele overtuigingen.................................................................................................... 38
5. Behandeling.................................................................................................................................. 38
Thema 5: Neurobiologische ontwikkelingsstoornissen..................................................................39
1. ASS............................................................................................................................................... 39
1.1 Historisch perspectief.............................................................................................................. 39
1.2 Klinisch beeld – DSM 5............................................................................................................ 40
1.3 Prevalentie en comorbiditeit.................................................................................................... 41
1.4 Etiologie................................................................................................................................... 41
1.5 Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 42
2. ADHD............................................................................................................................................ 42
2.1 Historisch perspectief.............................................................................................................. 42
2.2 Klinisch beeld – DSM 5............................................................................................................ 44
2.3 Prevalentie en comorbiditeit.................................................................................................... 45
2.4 Etiologie................................................................................................................................... 45
2.5 Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 45
Thema 6: Depressieve stemmingsstoornissen................................................................................46
1. Misverstanden............................................................................................................................... 46
2. Symptomatologie.......................................................................................................................... 46
2.1 Symptomen uitgelegd.............................................................................................................. 47
3. Typologie....................................................................................................................................... 48
4. Zelfdoding..................................................................................................................................... 49
5. Comorbiditeit en prevalentie.......................................................................................................... 49
6. Prognose....................................................................................................................................... 50
7. Etiologie........................................................................................................................................ 50
7.1 Biologische benadering........................................................................................................... 50
7.2 Psychoanalytische benadering................................................................................................ 52
7.3 Leertheoretische benadering................................................................................................... 53
7.4 Humanistische benadering...................................................................................................... 55


Pagina 3 van 86

, 7.5 Cognitieve benadering............................................................................................................. 55
7.6 Systemische benadering......................................................................................................... 57
7.6 Kwetsbaarheids-stress benadering: life events.......................................................................58
8. Behandeling.................................................................................................................................. 58
8.1 Biomedische benadering......................................................................................................... 58
8.2 Psychoanalytische benadering................................................................................................ 60
8.3 Leertheoretische benadering................................................................................................... 60
8.4 Cognitieve benadering............................................................................................................. 61
8.5 Systemische benadering......................................................................................................... 62
8.6 Online benadering................................................................................................................... 62
Thema 7: Middelgerelateerde en verslavingstoornissen................................................................63
1. Misverstanden............................................................................................................................... 63
2. Symptomatologie.......................................................................................................................... 64
2.1 Intoxicatie................................................................................................................................ 64
2.2 Onttrekkingssyndroom / onthoudingsverschijnselen................................................................65
2.3 Tolerantie................................................................................................................................. 65
2.4 Fysische afhankelijkheid.......................................................................................................... 65
2.5 Psychische afhankelijkheid...................................................................................................... 65
2.6 Remissie.................................................................................................................................. 66
3. Typologie....................................................................................................................................... 66
3.1 Gebruik en misbruik................................................................................................................. 66
3.2 Verslavende middelen............................................................................................................. 67
4. Comorbiditeit en prevalentie.......................................................................................................... 67
5. Prognose....................................................................................................................................... 68
6. Etiologie........................................................................................................................................ 68
6.1 Biologische benadering........................................................................................................... 68
6.2 Psychoanalytische benadering................................................................................................ 69
6.3 Leertheoretische benadering................................................................................................... 70
6.4 Cognitieve benadering............................................................................................................. 72
6.5 Psychologische benadering..................................................................................................... 73
6.6 Socio-culturele benadering...................................................................................................... 73
7. Behandeling.................................................................................................................................. 74
7.1 Bio-medische benadering........................................................................................................ 74
7.2 Psychoanalytische benadering................................................................................................ 74
7.3 Leertheoretische benadering................................................................................................... 75
7.4 Humanitische benadering........................................................................................................ 76
7.5 Cognitieve benadering............................................................................................................. 76
7.6 Niet-professionele benadering................................................................................................. 77


Pagina 4 van 86

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