AP Biology Full Exam Review|A+ Graded
Properties of Water
-polar molecule
-capillary effect (cohesion and adhesion, transpiration)
-high specific heat
-high heat capacity (heat sink-protects aquatic life from large fluctuations in temp)
-high heat of vaporization (sweat cools us)
pH
-lo...
AP Biology Full Exam Review|A+ Graded
Properties of Water
-polar molecule
-capillary effect (cohesion and adhesion, transpiration)
-high specific heat
-high heat capacity (heat sink-protects aquatic life from large fluctuations in temp)
-high heat of vaporization (sweat cools us)
pH
-log[H+]
pOH
-log[OH-]
pH + pOH =
14
pH scale
below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic, 7 is neutral
BAAD
"bases accept, acids donate" protons
organic molecules
any carbon containing compounds
hydrocarbons
-consist only of hydrogen and carbon
-always nonpolar/hydrophobic
-carbon is tetravalent (can form 4 bonds)
isomers
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula, but differ in the placement of their
atoms
methyl
CH3; nonpolar; turns off genes
hydroxyl
OH-; polar; alcohol
carbonyl
C=O; either end carbon is aldehyde and other carbon is ketone
phosphate
PO3- or PO4-; hydrophilic; DNA, RNA, ATP
dehydration synthesis (condensation)
-builds more complex molecules from smaller ones by removing an H2O and replacing it with a
covalent bond
-anabolic
-endergonic
hydrolysis
-Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
-catabolic
-exergonic
carbohydrates
-contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
-provide short-term and medium-term energy
-sugars (simple) and starches (complex)
-monomers=monosaccharides
-bonds are glycosidic
lipids
-carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (way less O)
-fats, oils, and waxes
-long-term energy storage
-cell membrane (phospholipids)
-insulation
-no polymers; form loose associations
-triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
-saturated=no double bonds, straight chain, solids
-unsaturated=at least 1 double bond, bent chain, oils
-cholesterol
proteins
-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
-most complicated macromolecule
-monomer=amino acid
-peptide bonds, make polypeptide chains
-function=all life activities of a cell
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LectDan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R178,70. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
