Intro. to Public Affairs Exam 2 The Structure of Government Questions with Correct Answers 2024

direct tools - ANSWER--goods, services (trash, social security, police), entitlements (ex. scholarships, medicare) (mostly visible in local govt.) -more direct as move from federal to local indirect tools - ANSWER-contractors, grants (given out to encourage other levels of government to do things they may not have), regulation (by government) Government by proxy - ANSWER-use of third-party contractors to provide government-funded services -people given the task to do something on behalf of the government hood: tools of government (4) - ANSWER-1. information: government gathers information, analyzes it, and publishes it (collection of data of citizens - US Census) 2. rule-making: government can demand (demand stop at stop sign), forbid, allow, adjudicate (conflict between individuals or individuals and government) 3. revenue and expenditure: we pay taxes and in return get things (police, military, justice, education, trash collection 4. organizing people and things (restructure of people and things to increase efficiency) rule-making: 2 main types - ANSWER-primary law and secondary law primary law - ANSWER-rules passed by legislature body (presidential executive orders) secondary law - ANSWER-administrative rules passed by Congressional delegation to agencies tools of government: Bemelmans-Videc and Vedung (3) - ANSWER-1. sticks: regulatory rules, negative or affirmative measures (speeding tickets) 2. carrots: negative/affirmative regarding material resources (negative- taxes, tolls; positive- grants, contracting-out) 3. sermon: reasoned argument, moral suasion (smoking, drinking-driving) public administration: knowledge of government as instrument (3) - ANSWER-1. government as ruler-ruled relations (Confucius, Plato, Aristotle) 2. government as operational action (standardizing communication (letters, permits, etc.) 3. government in society: emergence of the study of public administration (separation of public and private, church and state, administration and politics)