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AQA A Level Psychology: Research Methods June 2024 Exam Questions with Answers
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AQA A Level Psychology: Research Methods June 2024 Exam Questions with Answers
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AQA A Level Psychology: ResearchMethods June 2024 Exam Questions
with Answers
What is an Aim? - Answer>> A general statement on what the
researcher intends to investigate
What is a Hypothesis? - Answer>> A clear, precise, testable
statement that states the Relationship between the Variables to
be investigated
What is a Directional Hypothesis? - Answer>> A hypothesis that
states the direction of the outcome of the experiment
What is a Non-Directional Hypothesis? - Answer>> A
hypothesis that doesn't state the direction of the outcome of the
experiment
What is Operationalisation? - Answer>> Making variables
measurable
What is the Independent Variable? - Answer>> The variable
which the researcher controls
What is the Dependent Variable? - Answer>> The variable that
will be affected by the Independent Variable. It is not controlled
and is measured by the Researcher.
What is a Confounding Variable? - Answer>> A variable which
varies systematically with the Independent Variable meaning we
don't know what caused the change in the Dependent Variable
,What is an Extraneous Variable? - Answer>> A nuisance
variable which does not vary systematically with the Dependent
Variable
What are Demand Characteristics? - Answer>> When
participants are influenced by cues indicating the purpose of the
experiment and change their behaviour
What is the Please-U Effect? - Answer>> When a participant
over-performs in an effort to please the experimenter
What is the Screw-U Effect? - Answer>> When a participant
under-performs in an effort to sabotage the study
What is Social Desirability Bias? - Answer>> Where participants
want to portray themselves in a positive light
What are Investigator Effects? - Answer>> When the
expectations of outcome by the researchers influence the
participants' behaviour or participant selection
What are Order Effects? - Answer>> the order of the conditions
having an effect on the participants' behavior
e.g: The Practice Effect, The Fatigue Effect
What are Participant Variables? - Answer>> The differing
individual characteristics of participants in an experiment. They
can be considered extraneous variables because they are
variables that can influence the results of an experiment but that
the experimenter is not studying. These can challenge the validity
of a study by influencing the results.
E.g: age, gender, mood, socioeconomic background
,What is Randomisation? - Answer>> The use of chance when
designing materials and deciding the order of conditions. It
involves randomising stimuli so the researcher is not in control of
the order of stimuli or conditions
What does Randomisation control for? - Answer>> Order
Effects and Investigator Effects
What is Standardisation? - Answer>> Putting participants
subject to the same as possible environment, information and
experience
What does Standardisation control for? - Answer>> Investigator
Effects and Demand Characteristics
What is Random Allocation? - Answer>> The use of random
selection in an Independent Groups design ensuring that each
participant has the same chance of being in one condition than
any other.
Usually using a random number generator, assigning each
participant a number and then using the generator to put them in
a group.
What does Random Allocation control for? - Answer>>
Investigator Effects and Participant Variables
What is Counterbalancing? - Answer>> Ensuring that half the
participants complete Condition A followed by Condition B,
whereas the other half complete B followed by A. It doesn't
remove order effects, it only balances them out between
conditions.
, What does Counterbalancing control for? - Answer>> Order
Effects
What is an Independent Groups design? - Answer>>
Participants are divided into 2 groups. One group does one
condition and the other group does the other condition.
What are the Strengths of an Independent Groups design? -
Answer>> - Not affected by Order Effects
- Not affected by Demand Characteristics
What are the Weaknesses of an Independent Groups design? -
Answer>> - Differences between the participants could act as
an extraneous variable
- Need twice as many participants
What is a Repeated Measures design? - Answer>> All
participants complete the first condition and then the same
participants complete the second condition
What are the Strengths of a Repeated Measures design? -
Answer>> - Need fewer participants
- No participant variables
What are the Weaknesses of a Repeated Measures design? -
Answer>> - Affected by Order Effects
- More likely to be affected by Demand Characteristics
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