Precipitation correct answers Soluble AG and soluble AB react to for insoluble product
Zone of equivalence correct answers Maximum precipitation occurs when concentrations of AG and AB are equal
Prozone correct answers Excess antibody is present
Postzone correct answers Excess antigen is p...
MLS 421 test 2(100% Complete solutions)
Precipitation correct answers Soluble AG and soluble AB react to for insoluble product
Zone of equivalence correct answers Maximum precipitation occurs when concentrations of AG and AB are equal
Prozone correct answers Excess antibody is present
Postzone correct answers Excess antigen is present
Flocculation correct answers Specific type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentrations.
AG consists of very fine particles.
Double Immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony Test) correct answers AG and AB diffuse from wells in gel and form precipitin lines where they meet.
Over filling wells
Irregular well punching
Unlevel incubation area
Increased room temp correct answers Common double immunodiffison errors
Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) correct answers Antigen diffuses our of well into gel containing AB(gel contains anti sera).
Precipitin rings form, diameter proportional to AG concentration.
rocket immunoelectrophoresis correct answers Antigens are electrophoresed in agar containing antibody.
AB and AG combine to for precipitates in the shape of a rocket.
Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) correct answers Antigen is added to one well and antibody is added to another well.
Electric current accelerates the movement towards each other, resulting is quicker precipitation.
Immunofixation electrophoresis correct answers Antisera places directly on gel, antibodies diffuse gel and combine with the antigens forming a precipitate.
Useful in detecting immunoglobulins
Nephelometry correct answers Direct measure of light scattered by particles suspended
in solution.
Agglutination correct answers Occurs when particles in suspension clump together due to antibody-antigen interaction. Sensitization correct answers First phase of agglutination, involves AG-AB combination through antigenic determinants one the particle surface.
Lattice formation correct answers Second phase of agglutination, rearrangement of AG-
AB bonds to form stable lattice, dependent on environmental conditions and concentrations of antigens and antibodies.
PEG
Mixing or centrifugation
Temperature pH correct answers Factors that alter or affect lattice formation
PEG correct answers Increases viscosity
Mixing or centrifugation correct answers Provides better cell-cell contact
30-37° C (Body Temp) correct answers IgG AB agglutinate best at?
4-27 degrees Celsius (room temp) correct answers IgM agglutinates best at?
Differences between agglutination and precipitation: correct answers Agglutination: uses antigen or antibody attaches to an insoluble particle.
Reactions take minutes to hours.
Reactions are qualitative or semiquantitative
Precipitation: uses soluble antigens and soluble antibodies.
Reactions take hours to days
Reaction are qualitative, semiquantitative, or quantitative.
Both: reactions use antigens with atleast 2 epitopes.
Reactions have prozone and postzone.
Qualitative correct answers Produce a yes or no, + or =
Semiquantitative correct answers Produce ranges like 4-10
Quantitative correct answers Produces and exact amount
Direct agglutination method correct answers Patient specimen is AG(May be bacterial antigen in a patient specimen)
Agglutinates in presence of reagent AB
Passive(indirect) agglutination method correct answers Patient specimen is AB.
Agglutinates is presence of reagent AG
Reverse passive agglutination method correct answers Patient specimen is AG.
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