Summary TA Biology revision list January 2024 mock exams
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Course
Science
Institution
GCSE
IGCSE biology is one of the hardest subjects, but it doesn’t have to be. This document provides you with all of the topics that could come up in not only your year 11 mock exams, but also your real exams.
INTERNATIONAL
GCSE
Biology (9-1)
SPECIFICATION
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Biology (4BI1)
For first teaching September 2017
First examination June 2019
, 1 The nature and variety of living organisms
The following sub-topics are covered in this section.
(a) Characteristics of living organisms
(b) Variety of living organisms
(a) Characteristics of living organisms
Students should:
1.1 understand how living organisms share the following characteristics:
• they require nutrition
• they respire
• they excrete their waste
• they respond to their surroundings
• they move
• they control their internal conditions
• they reproduce
• they grow and develop.
(b) Variety of living organisms
Students should:
1.2 describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals, fungi
and protoctists
Plants: these are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able
to carry out photosynthesis; their cells have cellulose cell walls; they store
carbohydrates as starch or sucrose. Examples include flowering plants, such as a
cereal (for example, maize), and a herbaceous legume (for example, peas or beans).
Animals: these are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and
are not able to carry out photosynthesis; they have no cell walls; they usually have
nervous co-ordination and are able to move from one place to another; they often
store carbohydrate as glycogen. Examples include mammals (for example, humans)
and insects (for example, housefly and mosquito).
Fungi: these are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body
is usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae,
which contain many nuclei; some examples are single-celled; their cells have walls
made of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food
material and absorption of the organic products; this is known as saprotrophic
nutrition; they may store carbohydrate as glycogen. Examples include Mucor, which
has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast, which is single-celled.
Protoctists: these are microscopic single-celled organisms. Some, like Amoeba, that
live in pond water, have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have
chloroplasts and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium,
responsible for causing malaria.
Students should:
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