WGU D189 survey of PNW history
Northwest Passage - ANS-Legendary waterway connecting the Atlantic to Pacific
Ocean. In 1774 British offered reqard to discover it
First encounters in the PNW - ANS-Spanish, French, Russian & British in early 18th
century. (Americans had minor role before 1800s)
What did Natives trade fur for - ANS-Copper, blades, other goods
Captain James Cook - ANS-British explorer who traveled to the pacific in 1778 and
traded with natives for sea otter pelts in Nootka Sound
Lewis & Clark - ANS-Sent by Thomas Jefferson to learn about territories value after the
Louisiana Purchas
Captain Robert Gray - ANS-In 1792 he located the entrance to the Columbia River and
established American presence by claiming Columbia for the US
Scagawea - ANS-a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition
Continental Fur Trade - ANS-Increased over the maritime trade in 1810. Natives were
hired to hunt and process Beaver Furs
Hudson Bay Company (HBC) - ANS-Incorporated in England in 1670, played dominant
role in PNW fur trade in 1800s: diversified to logging, farming, fishing & salmon packing
North West Company (NWC) - ANS-The HBC's main rival in the fur trade; based in
Montreal established in 1783. Merged w/HBC in 1821
Pacific Fur Company (PFC) - ANS-Established in 1810 by John Jacob Astor. It lacked
financial backing and sold in 1812
Oregon Treaty of 1846 - ANS-established an U.S./Canadian (British) border below 49th
parallel extended from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Ended HBC
domination below the 49th
Land Donation Act of 1850 - ANS-Land from Oregon Territory to new settlers to
encourage westward movement.
, Isaac Stevens - ANS-first washington territorial governer, walla walla council
1853 Rogue River Peace Treaty - ANS-Tribe gave up property & firearms, forced to
move to reservation
1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek - ANS-Nisqually, Puyallup & others lost 2.5million acres
& forced to reservations
Chief Leschi - ANS-Nisqually chief. Lead revolt against treaty of medicine creek & treaty
of point Elliot. He was hung during Puget Sound War
1855 Treaty of Point Elliot - ANS-Duwamish & Suquamish lost land
Chief Seattle - ANS-Who said, "This we know: All things are connected like the blood
that unites us. We did not weave the web of life, We are merely a strand in it. Whatever
we do to the web, we do to ourselves?"
Protected the whites, considered powerful because he had close ties to nearby tribes
1855 Treaty Point No Point - ANS-S'Kallam, Chimakum, Skokomish
Language was translated poorly, gave land but kept hunting and fishing rights, moved to
hood canal reservation
1855 Walla Walla Treaty Council - ANS-Walla wall, Cayuse & Umatilla forced into
reservations & lost 6.5 million acres of land and kept their hunting rights
1855 Treaty of Neah Bay - ANS-Makah Tribe keeps fishing and whaling rights and is
forced to live on reservation
Yakama War - ANS-A conflict between Indians and Settlers because a treaty was
broken after gold was discovered on an Indian reservation. White Miners trespassed
and raped a tribal woman. Natives lost 90% of their land
Nez Perce - ANS-Indian tribe led by Chief Joseph; ordered onto a reservation in Idaho
in 1877, they fled instead; after giving up they were removed to a reservation in
Oklahoma
Dawes Act of 1887 - ANS-Sought to "Americanize" Native Americans and turn them into
farmers. People were swindled out of their land and by 1932 whites obtained 2/3 natives
land
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