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Summary GCSE Biology AQA - structure of leaves and respiration R132,02   Add to cart

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Summary GCSE Biology AQA - structure of leaves and respiration

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GCSE Biology Notes: Structure of Leaves & Respiration Comprehensive GCSE Biology handwritten notes covering leaf structure and respiration, ideal for exam preparation. Key topics include: Leaf anatomy: Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, xylem, phloem, and stomata Key processes: Photosynthe...

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BiologyNotes

slantcellorganisation
waxtuticle
goooooooooooooooop rooons

Upperepidermis

Pali
sidemesophyll


xylem water

Phloem good
o
spongymesophyll

o s epidermaltissue
airspaces
stomata guardcell
Theupperepidermisarecoveredwith a
waxycuticlewhichhelpstoreducewaterlossbyevaporation

heupperepidermis istransparent sothatlightcanpassthroughit tothepalisidelayer
hepalisidelayercontainslotsofchloroplasts forphotosynthesis Thismeansthattheyare nearthetopof the
leafwheretheycangetthe mostlight
hexylemandphloemformanetworkofvascularwhichtransportwaterandmineralsandhelpsupportthe
structure

hespongymesophyllcontainslotsofairspacesandalargesurfaceareaforgasexchange
helowerepidermiscontains guardcellswhichopenandclosestomata to preventwaterloss
Stomata are gaps inthe lowerepidermis whichallowgasexchange

, ranslocation
Phloemtubestransportfood
d
Made
of columnsofelongatedlivingcellswithsmallpores in theendwalls to
ÉPÉE
Wow a sap to flowthrough
ygg.gg

heytransportfoodsubstances mainly dissolvedsugars made inthe leaves
to therestoftheplantforimmediateuse orforstorage
The transport directions This process is calledtranslocation
goes inboth


Xylemtubes takewaterup
Made deadcellsJoinedend to endwith noendwallsand aholedown
y of
themiddle They'restrengthened withlignin
They carry waterandmineral ions fromtheroots to thestem and
leaves

Themovementof waterfromtheroots through thexylemand out of theleaves is called
the transpiration stream


ranspirationisthe
loss ofwaterfromtheplant
1 Transpiration iscausedbyevaporation anddiffusion

Itamar 2 This evaporationcreates a slightshortage of

i
water in theleaf so morewater is drown up

fromtherestoftheplantthroughthexylemvessies
This meansmorewater isdrawn
upfrom theroots
and so there's a constanttranspiration stream of
water

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