CUS3701 Assignment
3 (COMPLETE
ANSWERS) 2024
(629218)- DUE 6
August 2024; 100%
TRUSTED workings,
explanations and
solutions.
ADMIN
[COMPANY NAME]
,QUESTION 1 Read the extract below and answer the questions that
follow. MAPHUNGUBWE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE The
ancient city of Mapungubwe (meaning “hill of the jackal”) is an Iron
Age archaeological site in the Limpopo province on the border
between South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana, 75 km from
Messina. It sits close to the point where the Limpopo and Shashe
Rivers meet. One thousand years ago, Mapungubwe appears to have
been the centre of the largest known kingdom in the African sub-
continent. The civilization thrived as a sophisticated trading centre
from around 1200 to 1300 AD, trading gold and ivory with China,
India and Egypt. The site was “discovered” on 31 December 1932,
when a local informant, Mowena, led E.S.J. van Graan (farmer and
prospector), his son and three others to Greefswald farm on
Mapungubwe Hill. On the hill, they noticed stone walls and on
closer inspection, they recovered gold and iron artifacts, pottery and
glass beads. Van Graan's son recognised the academic value of the
site and contacted the head of the Department of History at the
University of Pretoria, Professor Leo Fouché. As a result of his
intervention, the University negotiated with the owner of the
property, E.E. Collins. In a legal agreement, the University took
ownership of the gold and other artifacts and secured an option and
a contract for excavation rights. The University also successfully
requested a postponement of prospecting, mining and related
activities on Greefswald. In June 1933, Greefswald was bought by
the Government and excavation rights were granted to the
University of Pretoria. The University established an Archaeological
Committee, which from 1933 to 1947 oversaw research and
excavations (read more about the excavations). Mapungubwe Hill is
300 m long, broad at one end, tapering at the other. It is only
accessible by means of two very steep and narrow paths that twist
, their way to the summit, and yet 2 000 tons of soil have been
artificially transported to the very top by a prehistoric people of
unknown identity. Downloaded by Corona Virus () lOMoARcPSD|
CUS3701 ASSESSMENT 03/2024 Archaeological enquiry
uncovered the remnants of numerous dwellings, which had been
built on the ruins of predecessors over many generations, resulting
in a series of habitation phases. Radiocarbon dates show that the
first buildings were erected below the hill at the beginning of the
11th century AD. But adjacent to Mapungubwe is the sister site of
Bambandyanalo, which was settled even earlier. It seems that the
centre of the state shifted from Bambandyanalo to Mapungubwe
Hill in about 1045 AD, when the town most probably became
overcrowded. It was also at about this time that hills and mountains
became associated with royalty and the noble classes began to build
their structure on high ground. This is an important observation as it
provided evidence of the extensive wealth and social differentiation
of the people of Mapungubwe; in other words, this ancient
civilization was class based. The gold findings are also evidence of
early gold smelting. A large number of artifacts from the royal
family were discovered at Mapungubwe. The best known of these
objects is the golden rhinoceros. All in all, the amount of gold from
this burial amounted to 7 503 ounces. Greefswald farm remained the
property of the State from the 1930s. Management of the farm was
taken over by the provincial Department of Nature Conservation in
1992 and control was transferred to SANParks in 1999.
Mapungubwe was declared a World Heritage Site by the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
(UNESCO) in July 2003. 1.1 Write down the following: • The grade
you are going to teach this lesson to. • The teaching strategy or
strategies that you will use. 1.2 Design a class test with 10
