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Test Bank - Introductory Clinical Pharmacology, 12th Edition (Ford, 2022), Chapter 1-54 | All Chapters

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Test Bank - Introductory Clinical Pharmacology, 12th Edition (Ford, 2022), Chapter 1-54 | All Chapters

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  • June 23, 2024
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  • Clinical Pharmacology
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Introduction Contents

Chapter Pages
儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
(2) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Body................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
1. 儒家思想的历史背景
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING • 孔子及其教义的简介。 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
。
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
2. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
• 孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT•AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Introduction
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的 DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC Body AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 1. 儒家思想的历史背景 DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
• 孔子及其教义的简介。
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE • DRUGS 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变.......................................................................................................................... 88

。 HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
2. 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN•-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
• 尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) Introduction
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。

Body

1. 儒家思想的历史背景

• 孔子及其教义的简介。
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
Multiple choice questions
。 Multiple choice questions

, Introduction 5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
01. Pharmacokinetics is: 本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
Body
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
1. 儒家思想的历史背景
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
• 孔子及其教义的简介。
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
• drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
。
c) Chemical structure of a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
2. 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
c) Excretion of substances• 孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
d) Interaction of substances• 尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
Introduction
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble 塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate
Bodythrough the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 1. 儒家思想的历史背景
renal tubules
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
• 孔子及其教义的简介。
b) Transport without energy consumption
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
。
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through2. the儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
• 孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of 尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
• blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
Introduction
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal 塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
d) Intraduodenal 本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。

Body

1. 儒家思想的历史背景

• 孔子及其教义的简介。
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
Multiple choice questions
。 Multiple choice questions

, Introduction 6

b) Oral
c) Intravenous 儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
d) Intramuscular
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
12. What is characteristic of the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
b) Absorption depends 深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
on GI tract secretion and motor function
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
Body route:
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
1. 儒家思想的历史背景
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
孔子及其教义的简介。
14. Pick out the parenteral route• of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
b) Oral
c) Sublingual 。
d) Inhalation
15. Parenteral administration:
2. 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more • rapid response than oral administration
孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
d) Is too slow for emergency use
尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
16. What is characteristic of the•intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be injected
Introduction
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
b) False
本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
Body may cause local irritation
d) Subcutaneous administration
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 1. 儒家思想的历史背景
b) False
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules • 孔子及其教义的简介。
b) Cell membranes • 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 。
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of2. 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
d) High endocytosis degree •in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution (Vd)• 尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
Introduction
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
d) A daily dose of drug
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
Body

1. 儒家思想的历史背景

• 孔子及其教义的简介。
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
Multiple choice questions
。 Multiple choice questions

, Introduction
7
a) True 儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
b) False
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
Body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
1. 儒家思想的历史背景
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble
孔子及其教义的简介。
27. Tick the drug type for which•microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble • 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight 。
d) High molecular weight
28. Pick out the right statement:
2. 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
a) Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
• 孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
• 尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
Introduction
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
(phase 1) is:
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation 本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
d) Binding to plasma proteins
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
Body
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism
1. 儒家思想的历史背景
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is:
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
孔子及其教义的简介。
b) Process of drug oxidation•by special oxidases
儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
c) Coupling of a drug with•an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids
。
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation
b) Reduction 2. 儒家价值观在中国社会中的体现
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis
34. Conjugation of a drug includes 孝道及其在家庭结构中的作用。
• the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
• 尊重长辈和层级关系的重要性。
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis
d) Methylation Introduction
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True
b) False 儒家思想源自孔子及其弟子的教导，深刻地
塑造了中国社会、伦理和治理超过两千年。
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is: 本文探讨了儒家思想对中国文化各个方面的
a) Decreased
b) Enlarged 深远影响，从家庭关系到政府政策的影响。
c) Remained unchanged
d) Changed insignificantly
Body

1. 儒家思想的历史背景

• 孔子及其教义的简介。
• 儒家理念在中国历史上的传播与演变
Multiple choice questions


。 Multiple choice questions

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