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ATI PN PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM 2023/2024 Latest Study Guide

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ATI PN PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM 2023/2024 Latest Study Guide

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  • June 23, 2024
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此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的
Contents
部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉
Chapter Pages
择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12

思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29

(3) 不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL 我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾
ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65

(4) ORGANOTROPIC济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON 伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING 例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例
ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成 TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC 为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取
AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85

(5) 问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可
METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC &忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德
PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135

以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响
，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和
道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，
自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避
免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一
个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类
Multiple choice questions

的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的
Multiple choice questions

, 此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的
5
部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做
therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal 如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成
agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步
d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德
d) Transport against concentration gradient
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through 生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters 这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需
of blood
要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal 何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题
d) Intraduodenal 。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual 以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响
，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和
道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，
自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避
免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一
个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类
Multiple choice questions

的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的
Multiple choice questions

, 此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的
6
部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉
b) Oral
c) Intravenous 择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价
d) Intramuscular
12. What is characteristic of值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to 中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡
prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral ，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是
我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾
less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议
the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration

济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False 伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成
slow access to the general circulation
为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步
b) False
带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls 忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德
d) Placenta
上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工
a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决
the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution 这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是
to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，
以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和
道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，
自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避
免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一
个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类
Multiple choice questions

的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的
Multiple choice questions

, 此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的
部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉 7
a) True 择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价
b) False
值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展
drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble 出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡
d) Less lipid soluble
不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble ，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如
c) Low molecular weight
何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是
d) High molecular weight
我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾
results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经
reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，
(phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例
d) Binding to plasma proteins

如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism
代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is:
带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需要认真思考的
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是AI发展中不可
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如何权衡不同的
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation 生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题。此外，人工
d) Hydrolysis
智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，以及如何解决
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation 这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响，也是我们需
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis 要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和道德问题也是
d) Methylation
AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，自动驾驶汽车
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避免撞车时该如
b) False
何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一个热议的话题
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased
。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类的工作岗位，
b) Enlarged 以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的社会经济影响
c) Remained unchanged
，也是我们需要认真思考的问题。此外，伦理和
d) Changed insignificantly

道德问题也是AI发展中不可忽视的部分。例如，
自动驾驶汽车如何做出道德上的抉择，例如在避
免撞车时该如何权衡不同的生命价值，成为了一
个热议的话题。此外，人工智能是否会取代人类
Multiple choice questions


的工作岗位，以及如何解决这种技术进步带来的
Multiple choice questions

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