Class and mark scheme notes Biology Cambridge IGCSE with Biology Coursebook with CD-ROM
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Course
Biology
Institution
Book
Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook with CD-ROM
These are notes made using essential information from biology pastpaper markschemes. Super useful!
They include topics such as genetic modification, protein synthesis, gas exchange in humans, the heart, everything related to digestion like bile, lipase, HCl and its effects and importance.
Bile, lipase, and pH:
Lipase only breaks down fats into fatty acids and
glycerol which turns the pH acidic but slowly.
However, when lipase is combined with bile, Bile
breaks down fats into smaller particles which
increases the surface area for lipase to act on.
Therefore the pH becomes acidic faster.
When writing about enzymes, include:
their specificity, complementary, and their shape.
Effect of lack of magnesium ions on plant leaves:
• leaves turn yellow because they have lesser
chlorophyll aka chlorosis.
• Magnesium is required for making chlorophyll.
Hormone:
Role of goblet cells:
Treatment of type 1 diabetes Ciliated cell:
Where are ciliated cells found?
Blood clotting process and roles:
Gas exchange surface features:
Good ventilation
Sex/gender-linked characteristic meaning:
Gene is located on a sex chromosome; characteristic is more
common in / one sex (than the other) ;
During inspiration:
Structure of a villus:
Assimilation
Proteins found in the blood:
Uses of carbohydrates made during photosynthesis:
What cholera bacteria does:
Aerobic Respiration equation:
, State what determines the sequence of amino acids What happens after the m gamete reaches the f gamete
in the protein that is produced: until an embryo is formed?
The acrosome of sp releases enzymes that help it to digest
the jelly coat of the egg. Fusion of nuclei takes place/
Why is the sequence of amino acids important in the fertilization. This event results in a diploid zygote. The jelly
production of receptor molecules for coat hardens after fertilization. The zygote is carried along
neurotransmitters? the oviduct to the uterus where cell division/ mitosis takes
place using the energy stores from the egg cell.
Sensitivity:
Use of fertility drugs:
Role of gravitropism in plant survival:
Process of IVF
Role of plant hormones in gravitropism:
Factors to consider to prevent insecticides from
Components of gastric juice and their functions: damaging the environment:
Component: Hydrochloric acid
Component: Pepsin / Protease
Component: Water
Process of emulsification of fats:
Advantages to farmers of using insecticides:
• Fats are emulsified in the small
intestine/duodenum.
• Digested fats are absorbed in the lacteal in the Features of myriapods to distinguish them from
villi. other arthropods:
• Bile is produced in the liver where it breaks
down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
• Diseases that smoking causes: CHD, lung
cancer, COPD, bronchitis and gum disease. All arthropod groups:
• Tobacco contains tar and dust particles that myriapods, crustaceans, arachnids, insects
can damage alveoli.
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