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Question 1
1.1. Discuss the basic terms of assessment.
Assessment is a crucial component in the educational process, serving as a bridge between teaching
and learning. It helps educators understand how well students are grasping the material, where they
might be struggling, and what areas need more attention.
Assessment
Assessment refers to the various methods and tools that educators use to evaluate, measure, and
document the academic readiness, learning progress, skill acquisition, or educational needs of
students. It is a continuous process that encompasses a wide range of activities and approaches.
Formative Assessment
Formative assessment is conducted during the learning process. Its primary goal is to monitor student
learning and provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and
by students to improve their learning.
Examples: Quizzes, discussions, peer reviews, and observations.
Purpose: To identify students' strengths and weaknesses, guide future teaching, and provide
feedback that students can use to improve their performance.
Summative Assessment
Summative assessment occurs at the end of an instructional period. It aims to evaluate student
learning by comparing it against a standard or benchmark.
Examples: Final exams, end-of-term projects, standardized tests, and final papers.
Purpose: To determine if students have met the learning objectives, to assign grades, and to
provide a summary of student learning at the end of a unit or course.
Diagnostic Assessment
Diagnostic assessment is used before instruction begins. It helps to identify students' existing
knowledge, skills, strengths, and areas for improvement.
Examples: Pre-tests, diagnostic tests, and initial observations.
Purpose: To inform instruction by understanding students' prior knowledge and to identify
learning gaps that need to be addressed.
Criterion-Referenced Assessment
Criterion-referenced assessment measures student performance against a fixed set of predetermined
criteria or learning standards.
Examples: Rubrics, benchmarks, and proficiency scales.
Purpose: To determine whether each student has achieved specific learning objectives or
standards, rather than comparing students to one another.
