A detailed summary and study guide for the topic. This section falls under Paper one of the IEB history matric paper. Made using two textbooks, a study guide and extra notes.
, Portugal in Angola:
- Portuguese colony
o ≠ do much infrastructure
- Rich in: oil, diamonds, fisheries, coffee, sugar and other minerals
o Lost their land + forced to work on plantations
- 1932-1968 Portugal’s dictator Salazar ≠ want to let go of colonies
- 1960’s = demand self- determination + nationalism
o Led to bloody war of Independence from 1961 – 1974
3 Nationalist movements:
- Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
o Radical black intellectuals (Ambundu people)
o Marxist outlook
o Leader Agostinho Neto
o Ties with Cuba + USSR
- National Front for the Liberation of Angola (NFLA)
o Bakongo people
o Anti-MPLA
o Leader Holden Roberto
o Ties with Zaire + Mobutu (anti-communist)
- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)
o Ovimbundu people
o Led by Jonas Savimbi
o Anti-MPLA
o Ties with SA + USA
How was Africa drawn into the Cold War?
USA was concerned that decolonization in Africa:
- = Opportunity for spread of communism
o Could cause unbalance in power in the world
o access to raw materials, minerals, trade routes + markets access to raw materials, minerals, trade routes + markets
- USA used aid packages, technical assistance + military intervention
o = Aligned to capitalism + democracy > socialism + communism
USSR used similar tactics with the Eastern Bloc:
- Promoted communism > imperialist capitalism
- Provided aid packages, technical assistance + military assistance
Both got involved in Africa = protect their sphere of influence
- Led to proxy wars + African dependency
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