,BIOCHEMISTRY
,
,BIOCHEMISTRY
9TH EDITION
Mary K. Campbell
Mount Holyoke College
Shawn O. Farrell
Colorado State University
Owen M. McDougal
Boise State University
Australia ● Brazil ● Mexico ● Singapore ● United Kingdom ● United States
, Biochemistry, Ninth Edition © 2018, 2015 Cengage Learning
Mary Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
McDougal may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
Product Director: Dawn Giovanniello permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
copyright owner.
Product Manager: Maureen Rosener
Content Developer: Theresa Dearborn
Product Assistant: Kristina Cannon For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706.
Marketing Manager: Ana Albinson
For permission to use material from this text or product,
Content Project Manager: Teresa L. Trego submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Art Director: Sarah B. Cole Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to
permissionrequest@cengage.com.
Manufacturing Planner: Judy Inouye
Production Service: MPS Limited
Photo Researcher: Lumina Datamatics Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933915
Text Researcher: Lumina Datamatics Student Edition:
Text Designer: Diane Beasley ISBN: 978-1-305-96113-5
Cover Designer: Delgado and Company Loose-leaf Edition:
ISBN: 978-1-305-96195-1
Cover Image: © Ipatov/Shutterstock.com,
© Natykach Nataliia/Shutterstock.com
Compositor: MPS Limited Cengage Learning
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions
with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more
than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative at
www.cengage.com.
Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.
To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com.
Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred
online store www.cengagebrain.com.
Printed in the United States of America
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2016
, This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product
text may not be available in the eBook version.
,This book is dedicated to the memory of Mary Campbell, who was
passionately involved in its creation. Her avid interest in writing and
devotion to student engagement led to the publication of the first eight
highly successful editions of this textbook.
—Mary K. Campbell
To the returning adult students in my classes, especially those with
children and a full-time job . . . my applause.
—Shawn O. Farrell
My recognition and appreciation go to those who saw the potential in me
that has taken so many years to develop, and to those students who are on
the path to fulfilling their dreams.
—Owen M. McDougal
,About the Authors
Mary K. Campbell
Mary K. Campbell was a professor emeritus of chemistry at Mount Holyoke College,
where she taught for 36 years. Mary received her PhD from Indiana University and
did postdoctoral work in biophysical chemistry at Johns Hopkins University. Her area
of interest included researching the physical chemistry of biomolecules, specifically,
spectroscopic studies of protein–nucleic acid interactions.
Shawn O. Farrell
Shawn O. Farrell grew up in northern California and received a B.S. degree in
dumperina biochemistry from the University of California, Davis, where he studied carbohydrate
metabolism. He completed his Ph.D. in biochemistry at Michigan State University, where
he studied fatty acid metabolism. For 18 years, Shawn worked at Colorado State University
teaching undergraduate biochemistry lecture and laboratory courses. Because of his
interest in biochemical education, Shawn has written a number of scientific journal articles
about teaching biochemistry. He is the coauthor (with Lynn E. Taylor) of Experiments in
Biochemistry: A Hands-On Approach. Shawn became interested in biochemistry while in
college because it coincided with his passion for bicycle racing. An active outdoorsman,
Shawn raced competitively for 17 years and now officiates at bicycle races around the
world. He was the technical director of USA Cycling, the national governing body of bicycle
racing in the United States for 11 years before returning to teaching at CSU in Pueblo,
Colorado. He is also an avid fly fisherman, a third-degree black belt in Tae Kwon Do, and a
first-degree black belt in combat hapkido. Shawn has also written articles on fly fishing for
Salmon Trout Steelheader magazine. His other passions are music and foreign languages. He
is fluent in Spanish and French and is currently learning to play the guitar.
On his fiftieth birthday, he had his first downhill skiing lesson and now cannot get
enough of it. Never tired of education, he visited CSU again, this time from the other
side of the podium, and earned his Master of Business Administration in 2008.
Owen M. McDougal
Owen M. McDougal is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Boise State University.
He is a native of upstate New York where he earned chemistry degrees at State University of
New York at Morrisville (AS) and Oswego (BS). His love of the outdoors motivated him to
travel west for graduate school and pursue a PhD at the University of Utah in the laboratory
of C. Dale Poulter. His work to elucidate the three-dimensional structures of neuropeptides
by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy involved the application of physical chemistry
to address problems in biological systems. Graduate studies in the heart of the Wasatch
Mountains in Utah led to his lifelong enthusiasm for mountain biking and telemark skiing.
In this capacity, Owen tested his skills at competitive mountain bike racing and pursued
what resulted in a ten-year stint on the National Ski Patrol. Upon completion of his PhD,
Owen sought an academic environment that allowed him to share his passion for science
with students in small classes. He taught general, organic, and biological chemistry at
Southern Oregon University, which allowed him to hone his instructional skills. Looking
to advance his love for writing, Owen shifted to a faculty position in the research intensive
environment at Boise State University, where he investigates the bioactivity of marine and
terrestrial natural products, including studies of food chemistry, nutraceutical products,
and specialty chemicals. Owen lives in Boise, Idaho, with wife Lynette, daughters McKenzie
and Riley, dog Tater, cat Melody, tortoise Touché, and rabbit Bixby.
vi
,Brief Contents
1 Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells 1
2 Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions 33
3 Amino Acids and Peptides 60
4 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 78
5 Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques 114
6 The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes 141
7 The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control 168
8 Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes 201
9 Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information 239
10 Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication 270
11 Transcription of the Genetic Code: The Biosynthesis of RNA 300
12 Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message 347
13 Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques 380
14 Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology 422
15 The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism 467
16 Carbohydrates 490
17 Glycolysis 520
18 Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism 550
19 The Citric Acid Cycle 578
20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 609
21 Lipid Metabolism 636
22 Photosynthesis 675
23 The Metabolism of Nitrogen 701
24 Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling 732
,
