Summary
Summary Drugs - IGCSE Biology Notes
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Summary of 4 pages for the course Unit 15 - Drugs at CIE (FULL Notes)
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drugssubstances affects modifies chemical
taken into the body that or reaction
-
medicinal drugs
·
antibiotics ·
medicines that help stop bacterial infections
i
·
,
·
attacks bacterial cell walls
·
&
-
Inhibits protein synthesis within the bacteria
2
·
from
prevents the bac teria
producing peptidoglycan
·
,
the macromolecule that strengthens the cell wall
·
inhibits bacterial reproduction
largely target the bacteria's metabolic
pathways
·
antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic is no longer effective towards a specific bacteria
>
-
-
resistant bacteria
·
bacteria develops the ability to survive
·
the antibiotic resistant bacteria are free to
exposure to antibiotics that were grow , multiply and cause infections within
to kill inhibit bacteria the host
designed or even when exposed to antibiotics
·
prevention of antibiotic ·
completing a full course of medication
resistance for
relying on natural Immunity and herbal medications minor illnesses
using than I of for successive
more type antibiotics illnesses
·
why don't antibiotics work ·
viruses are not made of cells and they are not metabolically active (don't contain
against viruses ? targets antibiotics would bind to)
misused drugs use of a substance for a
purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines
such as :
·
oploid
-
they treat pain as
they ac t at the body's receptor sites for endorphins ,
which is
the body's natural pain reducer /different class of drugs than depressants
ex heroin ,
morphine , codeine , etc
.
·
depressants
-
lower body functions and neural activity
ex . alcohol , barbiturates ,
benzodiazepines , etc .
stimulants Intensify neural activity and bodily functions
-
·
ex . Caffeine , nicotine , cocaine ,
etc .
·
hallucinogens -
alter the user's awareness of their surroundings ,
thoughts and feelings by affecting
serotonin (stabilizes mood and happiness) receptors
ex .
Marijuana ,
LSD ,
psilocybin
. etc
.
antibiotics largely target bacteria's metabolic find
the pathways and since viruses are not
metabolically active antibiotics cannot
·
,
to bind
targets to
·
stimulants intensify neural activities and depressants do the
opposite
·
Opioids target endorphin receptors and hallucinogens target serotonin (and sometimes) receptors
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