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OUT OF AFRICA HYPOTHESIS ESSAY.
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- Life Science Grade 12 Essays
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OUT OF AFRICA HYPOTHESISFossils of the bipedal primates Ardipithecus, Australopithecus and early Homo species are
used to support the 'Out of Africa' hypothesis.
State the 'Out of Africa' hypothesis. Describe the evidence that supports the 'Out of Africa'
hypothesis and the evidence that shows that the three primate genera mentioned above,
were all bipedal.
HYPOTHESIS
• All modern humans*/Homo sapiens
• originated in Africa
• and migrated to other parts of the world
FOSSIL EVIDENCE
• Fossils of Ardipithecus were found ONLY in Africa/Rift Valley/Ethiopia/South Africa
• Fossils of Australopithecus were found ONLY in Africa/Rift Valley/Ethiopia/South
Africa
• The fossils of Homo habilis were ONLY found in Africa
• The OLDEST fossils of Homo erectus were found in Africa
• The OLDEST fossils of Homo sapiens were found in Africa
GENETIC EVIDENCE
• Mitochondrial DNA
• Is inherited only from the maternal line
• Analysis of mutations
• on this mitochondrial DNA
• shows that the oldest female ancestor were located in Africa
• and that all humans descended from her/mitochondrial Eve
• The Y chromosome shows the paternal line
CULTURAL EVIDENCE
• The OLDEST/most primitive artefacts (tools, cutlery, art etc.)
• were found in Africa
BIPEDALISM
• The fossils of all three genera indicate that:
• The foramen magnum
• is located in a more forward position
• The pelvis is wider and shorter
• The spine is S-shaped
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