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Class notes Life Sciences (Biology) on Sketetal system, transport in animals and excretion R75,00   Add to cart

Class notes

Class notes Life Sciences (Biology) on Sketetal system, transport in animals and excretion

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iPad written notes on the sketetal system, transport in animals and excretion. Full of colourful diagrams to help visual learners to understand these sections of biology

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  • July 25, 2024
  • 44
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Mr richards
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Life science

,-
↑ he Skeletal system

Axial Skeleton



-




Appendicular
Skeleton




3 types of skeletons


endoskeleton
liquid filled carity surrounded
-
-




by muscle

-

exoskeleton -


external skeleton that protects and gives structure
-

endoskeleton -
internal structure that forms framework of bones

,Axial Skeleton

The skull


Frontal bone

Cranium
Suture
-


nasal bone

-



zygomatic arch

maxilla
foramen magnum
mandible



Cranium
- consists of flat immorable bones joined by sutures (protects)
foramen at base to allows spinal
magnum-opening cord to enter brain

facial bones Protects delicate (eyes)
sensory organs
-




The teeth


iii Molars-flattened chewing food
&
surfaces with cusps used to grind/chew
8 Premolars flattened chewing surfaces with cusps used to
grind food
-




E Canines -
cone shaped and used to tear off pieces of food
S
incisors-chisel shaped use to bite off food
=

2 1 2
. . . 32 Human dental formula
2 .
1 2 . . 35




teeth have differentiated structures
All mammals are het eodant to perform specific functions

, The vertebral column




Neck vertebrae (7)



Chest vertebrae (12)
Note :
Curves lend to flexiblity

Lumbar vertebrae (5)


sacrum

coccyx

function :
-


Supports Skull



Protects spinal cord


-
Attachment for ribs , the pectoral and pelvic girdle

Structure :

Vertebrae tied together by ligaments (prevents dislocation
friction and is absorber)
Between each vertebrae is a disc of fibrous
cartilage (prevents a shock

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