SWS 2024/2025 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and Answers
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Course
SWS
Institution
SWS
SWS 2024/2025 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Know the 3 basic types of Florida rivers. - CORRECT ANSWER-alluvial, blackwater,
and spring-fed
Know why river flow in Florida generally is very slow. - CORRECT ANSWER-no
elevation, land is flat, little to no topography
...
SWS 2024/2025 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Know the 3 basic types of Florida rivers. - CORRECT ANSWER-alluvial, blackwater,
and spring-fed
Know why river flow in Florida generally is very slow. - CORRECT ANSWER-no
elevation, land is flat, little to no topography
Know what a river gradient is - CORRECT ANSWER-The gradient is the driving force
for river flow and it is the difference in elevation between two points of a river divided by
the length (distance) between the points.
Know the three basic features of Florida Lakes - CORRECT ANSWER-generally small,
shallow, warm
Know the difference between euphotic and disphotic zones in lakes. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A euphotic zone is light sufficient for photosynthesis and a dysphotic zone is
light insufficient for photosynthesis.
Know the #1 source of lake formation in Florida. - CORRECT ANSWER-karst erosion- a
chemical process that takes place when underground limestone is dissolved by carbon
dioxide enriched water
Okeechobee is what type of lake? - CORRECT ANSWER-ancient depression lake
Know how groundwater use in Florida compares with groundwater use in the U.S. -
CORRECT ANSWER-U.S.: 21% of groundwater use from total water withdrawals
FL: 63% of groundwater use from total water withdrawals
Know the two factors that lead to a doubling of FL population between 1950 and 1970 -
CORRECT ANSWER-A/C
mosquito control that introduced DDT
post WWII veterans
Know how much water is withdrawn daily in FL - CORRECT ANSWER-7 billion gallons
Limestone is the common name for what compound? - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcium
Carbonate
Know what an ion is - CORRECT ANSWER-ion- an electrically charged form of an
element
, Ions are generally well accommodated in ________ - CORRECT ANSWER-water
Understand basically how the oceans are made salty. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Dissolution and as water moves across the watershed, it dissolves salts and minerals
that eventually get delivered to the ocean. Evaporation leaves the concentrated salts
behind. This results in oceans' 3.5% salinity
Understand what is meant by "precipitation" and how it applies to limestone formation. -
CORRECT ANSWER-opposite of dissolution; when two or more compatible ions
become sufficiently concentrated in water and reform the solid. Calcium and carbon are
two compatible ions (both near saturation) that come together and form calcium
carbonate.
Know the dominant mechanism by which limestone formations are made. - CORRECT
ANSWER-The dominant mechanism by which limestone formations is calcification
(induced precipitation of calcium carbonate) of marine organisms (invertebrates) such
as corals, limestone, oysters, scallops, and foraminifera.
Understand the fundamental evolution of the carbonate elements of the Florida
platform, including the time frames, the origin of the carbonates, general conditions
relative to sea levels, etc. - CORRECT ANSWER-At first, the platform was nothing but a
stable, shallow rocky shelf. Then it became subject to sedimentation events. For
approximately 100 million years mostly carbonates accumulated and decomposed
above the basement rocks forming a thick limestone platform. Sea levels became
generally higher about 150-25 mya. Since sea levels were generally higher than they
are today, the platform remained submerged; resulting in a thick layer of carbonate
platform that extends beyond the boundaries of Florida.
Know the time period during which the water-bearing elements of the Floridan aquifer
developed. - CORRECT ANSWER-50-25 mya
Understand why continental silicon-based materials did not intrude substantially on the
platform for approximately 125 mil. years and the changes that occurred that allowed
them to influence the FL platform subsequently. - CORRECT ANSWER-The Georgia
Channel and Suwannee Current isolated the platform, allowing the carbonates to build
for millions of years. There was dramatic drop in sea level, making the sea level below
the Suwanee channel and therefore interrupting the Suwannee Current and eventually
draining it and allowing sediment to reach the water bearing unit and fill the channel.
Miocene sediments from the continent, principally the Appalachians, settled over the
carbonates beginning about 25 mya forming the upper confining unit for much of the
aquifer. Remnants are known as the Hawthorne Formation.
Understand how the Floridian aquifer is confined - CORRECT ANSWER-The Floridian
aquifer is confined because the water bearing formation is located between
impermeable layers of clay, rock, & shale. It is confined on the bottom by older
limestone & on the top by Miocene clays from 24-5
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