The recommended order for performing assessments of clients are: - ✔✔1. Heart Rate - resting.
2. Blood Pressure - resting.
3. Body Composition - height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, skinfolds, and/or
bioelectrical impedance.
4. Cardiovascular assessment - Rockport 1-mile walk test procedures; 1.5-mile run test procedures;
Queens College step test, and/or the Astrand-Rhyming Submaximal Cycle Ergometer test.
5. Muscular fitness - muscle strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.
Heart Rate (HR) - ✔✔The number of times that the heart beats or contracts, usually reported in beats
per minute (bpm).
HR has often been an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) because it tends to decrease as the
individual becomes more physically fit. It should be noted that there are certain medications that may
affect HR and HR response to exercise.
Measurement of Resting Heart Rate - ✔✔Includes manual palpation at various anatomical sites and/or
the use of an HR monitor/watch or the electrocardiogram.
It is recommended that a full 60-second count be performed for accuracy in resting HR; however, a 30-
second time period may be sufficient for the count.
Resting HR conditions must be present (i.e., individual should be seated for at least 5 minutes with back
supported and have avoided smoking cigarettes or ingesting caffeine 30 minutes prior to the
assessment).
The Three Common Anatomical Sites for the Measurement of HR - ✔✔Radial: Located in the groove on
the anterior surface of the lateral wrist (below the thumb).
, Brachial: Located in a groove between the triceps and biceps muscles on the medial side of the arm,
anterior to the elbow.
Carotid: Located along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lower neck region
(on either side). This site should be used only if you or the individual fails to feel the pulse in the radial or
brachial sites.
Measurement of Exercise Heart Rate - ✔✔Includes manual palpation at various anatomical sites.
Measurements should be taken in a 15- or 30-second period and multiplied by 4 (for 15-seconds) or 2
(for 30-seconds) to convert to a 1-minutes value (bmp).
Blood Pressure (BP) - ✔✔The force of blood against the walls of the arteries and veins created by the
heart as it pumps blood to every part of the body.
BP is usually expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Measurement is usually taken at the arterial,
heart level for both rest and during exercise.
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) - ✔✔The maximum pressure in the arteries when the ventricles of the
heart contract during a heartbeat. The term derives from "systole" or contraction of the heart.
SBP occurs late in ventricle systole and is thought to represent the overall functioning of the left
ventricle, and thus, an important indicator of cardiovascular function during exercise.
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) - ✔✔The minimum pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax. The
term is derived from diastole or relaxation of the heart.
DBP occurs late in the ventricle diastole or relaxation of the heart and reflects the peripheral resistance
to blood flow in the arterial vessels.
Classification of Resting Blood Pressure (Adults) - ✔✔Normal - below 120 mm Hg (SBP) and below 80
mm Hg (DBP)
Prehypertension - between 120 -139 mm Hg (SBP) and between 80 - 89 mm Hg (DBP)
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