PLTW human body systems EOC Exam Questions and Answers
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PLTW human body systems EOC
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PLTW Human Body Systems EOC
PLTW human body systems EOC Exam Questions and Answers
Reflex - Answer-An automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and thence outward to an effector (as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of conscio...
PLTW human body systems EOC
Exam Questions and Answers
Reflex - Answer-An automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a
nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and thence outward to
an effector (as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often
without passing to the brain.
Synapse - Answer-The place at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to
another.
Endocrine Gland - Answer-A gland (as the thyroid or the pituitary) that produces an
endocrine secretion -- called also ductless gland, gland of internal secretion.
Endocrine System - Answer-The glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine
secretions, help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity, and include especially
the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes.
Exocrine Gland - Answer-A gland (as a sweat gland, a salivary gland, or a kidney) that
releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of a canal or
duct.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - Answer-A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule
capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins
Gel electrophoresis - Answer-The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis
of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an
electrical field in a gel.
Restriction enzyme - Answer-A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide
sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) - Answer-Differences in DNA
sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of
restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction
enzymes).
Brain Stem - Answer-The part of the brain composed of the midbrain, pons, and
medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum.
Central nervous system - Answer-The part of the nervous system which in vertebrates
consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and
,from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity
of the entire nervous system.
Cerebellum - Answer-A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially
with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated
between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum and formed in humans of two
lateral lobes and a median lobe.
Gland - Answer-A cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin that selectively
removes materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for
further use in the body or for elimination from the body
Glucagon - Answer-A protein hormone that is produced especially by the pancreatic
islets of Langerhans and that promotes an increase in the sugar content of the blood by
increasing the rate of breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
Hormone - Answer-Any one of the many circulating chemical signals found in all
multicellular organisms that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and
coordinate the various parts of the organism by interacting with target cells.
Hypothalamus - Answer-The ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in
maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous
systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors, which
regulate the anterior pituitary.
Insulin - Answer-A vertebrate hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting
the uptake of glucose by most body cells and the synthesis and storage of glycogen in
the liver
Pituitary gland - Answer-An endocrine gland at the base of the hypothalamus; consists
of a posterior lobe, which stores and releases two hormones produced by the
hypothalamus, and an anterior lobe, which produces and secretes many hormones that
regulate diverse body functions.
Accommodation - Answer-The automatic adjustment of the eye for seeing at different
distances affected chiefly by changes in the convexity of the crystalline lens.
Astigmatism - Answer-A defect of an optical system (as a lens) causing rays from a
point to fail to meet in a focal point resulting in a blurred and imperfect image.
Anterior - Answer-Situated toward the front of the body
Deep - Answer-Away from the body surface; more internal
Directional Terms - Answer-Terms used to explain where one body structure is in
relation to another
, Distal - Answer-Situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a central point;
located away from the center of the body
Dorsal - Answer-Being or located near, on, or toward the back or posterior part of the
human body
Identity - Answer-The distinguishing character or personality of an individual
Inferior - Answer-Situated below and closer to the feet than another and especially
another similar part of an upright body especially of a human being
Lateral - Answer-Of or relating to the side; especially of a body part
Medial - Answer-Lying or extending in the middle; especially of a body part
Posterior - Answer-Situated at or toward the hind part of the body
Proximal - Answer-Situated next to or near the point of attachment or origin or a central
point
Regional Terms - Answer-Anatomical terms that refer to specific visible landmarks on
the surface of the body
Superficial - Answer-Of, relating to, or located near the surface
Superior - Answer-Situated toward the head and further away from the feet than another
and especially another similar part of an upright body especially of a human being
System - Answer-A group of body organs or structures that together perform one or
more vital functions
Ventral - Answer-Pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; opposite of dorsal
Adipose tissue - Answer-Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells
distended by droplets of fat
Appendicular Skeleton - Answer-Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to
the axial skeleton
Axial Skeleton - Answer-The skeleton of the trunk and head
Connective Tissue - Answer-Animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support
other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular
matrix
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