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Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review Latest Update Graded A+
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Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review Latest Update Graded A+ What does Cell Theory state? Cell Theory posits that every living organism consists of cells, and these cells are produced from other cells. What can be concluded about the lineage of cells? Examining a cell's ancestry reveals that...

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  • August 7, 2024
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Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review Latest
Update Graded A+

What does Cell Theory state?


✔✔Cell Theory posits that every living organism consists of cells, and these cells are produced

from other cells.




What can be concluded about the lineage of cells?


✔✔Examining a cell's ancestry reveals that all cells can be traced back to a single common

progenitor cell.




How is the concept of evolution defined?


✔✔Evolution is described as the gradual heritable changes within a population over time, or

shifts in gene frequencies across multiple generations.




What does the term 'proximate process' refer to?


✔✔The proximate process involves immediate changes, occurring over brief intervals, and is

measured in short periods relative to an organism’s lifespan.




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,What is meant by 'ultimate process'?


✔✔The ultimate process deals with long-term changes, extending over a lifetime or beyond,

focusing on broader time scales.




What are the core ideas of Evolutionary Theory?


✔✔Evolutionary Theory is founded on two main principles: it accounts for the diversity among

species and asserts that all species are interconnected through common ancestry.




How are biomes characterized?


✔✔Biomes are groups of similar ecosystems, but they are not organized hierarchically as they

do not exhibit emergent properties.




What was known about organisms before the mid-1800s?


✔✔Before the mid-1800s, it was understood that organisms reproduce similarly to themselves,

selective breeding could enhance traits, considerable variation exists within species, and not all

environments can sustain every species. Additionally, there were beliefs in Special Creation and

Aristotle’s Great Chain of Being, which saw species as fixed and variations among individuals as

insignificant.




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,What are emergent properties?


✔✔Emergent properties are characteristics that emerge when the collective components at a

certain level produce traits that surpass the sum of their individual elements.




Can you give an example of an emergent property?


✔✔An example of an emergent property is the enhanced safety found in social groups due to

their collective numbers.




How is evolution considered in terms of emergent properties?


✔✔Evolution is regarded as an emergent property of populations, resulting from the interactions

within a group.




How are organisms typically described?


✔✔Organisms are generally seen as assemblies of organ systems, and they are subject to natural

selection processes.




Jean Baptiste de Lamarck ✔✔first evolutionist to believe that organisms change over time. The

theory of acquired characteristics: individuals change as a result of environmental pressures and

then pass those traits to offspring


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, ex: you're JACKED and then your child is born JACKED




Fitness ✔✔number of viable offspring you produce in your lifetime




Adaptations ✔✔A heritable trait that increases the relative fitness of individuals having that trait


A process by which individuals within a population acquire traits that increase their relative

fitness




Australian Rabbits ✔✔Rabbit invasion, tried to control population with myxomatosis virus that

only kills rabbits, it was pretty effective in killing rabbit pop , but only killed 99.9% so the rabbit

population that was resistant survived and passed on resistance to offspring through placenta




What do rabbit and virus population have in common?

They both have variation (virus- virility, rabbit- variation in susceptibility)

Both are populations

Both have differential reproduction




Homologies ✔✔traits in common due to inheritance from a common ancestor




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