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MBY 161 Theme 8 Notes R227,38   Add to cart

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MBY 161 Theme 8 Notes

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This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Theme 8; the principles of disease and epidemiology. Essential!! To your success in academics!!

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  • August 8, 2024
  • 8
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Prof. sekelwa
  • All classes
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anyiamgeorge19
MBY 161 Theme 8: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology


Learning outcomes
 Define pathology, etiology, pathogenesis, infection, and disease
 Normal vs transient microbiota
 Explain how opportunistic pathogens cause infection
 Know and understand Koch’s postulates
 Explain exceptions to Koch’s postulates
 Define symptoms, signs and syndromes
 Differentiate a communicable and noncommunicable disease
 Distinguish the incidence from the prevalence of a disease
 List and define the categories used to classify diseases according to
frequency
 List and define the categories used to classify diseases according to
severity
 Explain herd immunity
 Define local infection, systemic infection, focal infection
 Understand what epidemiologists’ study


Despite our immune systems and host defences, we are still susceptible to
pathogens
Pathology, Infection, and Disease
→ Pathology: the study of a specific disease and it is derived from “pathos”=
suffering and “logos”=science
First concerned with the course of a disease or the etiology (or etiological agent)

→ Etiology: the study of the cause of a disease
→ Pathogenesis: the manner in which disease develops
→ Infection: colonization of the body by pathogens
→ Disease: infection causes an abnormal state in which the body is not
functioning normally (this can result in structural/ functional changes)


Normal Microbiota and the Host
Mammals, including humans, are usually free of microbes at birth. Colonisation of
our body takes place the moment birth start and continues due to feeding,
breathing and touching
It is estimated that there are 1x1013 cells in the human body with an estimated
1x1014 bacteria on our bodies


→ Normal microbiota(or normal flora) permanently colonizes the host
Not harmful to our bodies and compared to the vast number of microorganisms
compared to the microbiota, relatively few end up being pathogenic



→ Transient microbiota may be present for days, weeks, or months

, MBY 161 Theme 8: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology


Not permanently colonising the host


→ Symbiosis is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host




The electron micrographs show bacteria that form part of the normal microbiota
for different regions of the body

Typically find the normal microbiota tend to be localized in specific regions

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