Graft-Verses-Tumor Effect - the donor immune cell response against the malignancy; a desirable
response
Anaplasia - pattern of growth in which cells lack normal characteristics & differ in shape &
organization with respect to their cells of origin; usually are malignant
Angiogenesis - growth of...
Exam 5, Level 3 SCF Nursing
Graft-Verses-Tumor Effect - the donor immune cell response against the malignancy; a desirable
response
Anaplasia - pattern of growth in which cells lack normal characteristics & differ in shape &
organization with respect to their cells of origin; usually are malignant
Angiogenesis - growth of new blood vessels that allow cancer cells to grow
Apoptosis - a normal cell mechanism of programmed cell death
Benign - not cancerous, tumors may grow but are unable to spread to other organs or body parts
Brachytherapy - Internal Radiation Therapy: delivery of radiation therapy through internal
implants placed inside or adjacent to the tumor. Implant radiation seeds slowly release radiation over a
few months targeted towards neoplastic cells.
-Avoid pregnant women/infants for 2 months, strain urine, use condom to catch any seeds. Local effects:
rectum, bowel, bladder due to proximity to seeds
Cancer - A group of disorders characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, in which cells ignore
growth-regulating signals in the surrounding environment
Carcinogenesis - Process of transforming normal cells into malignant cells.
Carcinogens - Chemicals, physical factors, & other agents that cause cancer.
Chemotherapy - the use of medications to kill tumor cells by interfering with cellular functions &
reproduction. The goal is to decrease the tumor burden to a point where the body can remove the
remaining cancer cells
,Cytokines - Substances produced primarily by cells of the immune system to enhance production
& functioning of components of the immune system.
Extravasation - Leakage of intravenous medication from the veins into the subcutaneous tissues
-Use central line for vesicants/chemotherapy drugs
-If a peripheral vein is used monitor site, don't use a small vein
-Stop the infusion if suspected & call physician
-Educate pt to report changes to the site, feelings, swelling, pain
-Antidotes exist depending on med
-Occurrence report
Alopecia - Hair loss
Grading - Identification of the type of tissue from which the tumor originated & the degree to
which the tumor cells retain the functional & structural characteristics of the tissue or origin
Graft-Verses-Host Disease (GVHD) - an immune response initiated by T lymphocytes of donor
tissue against the recipients tissues (skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver); an undesirable response
Malignant - having cells or processes that are characteristic of cancer
Metastasis - spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant sites
Mucositis - Inflammation of the lining of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract often
associated with cancer therapies
Myleosuppression - suppression of the blood cell producing function of the bone marrow
,Nadir - Highest Risk of Infection
-Lasts for 5-7 days stays at lowest point of Neutrophils (white blood cell)
-Blood count decreases 7-12 days after chemo.
-depression after therapy that has toxic effects on the bone marrow
-Highest Risk of Infection
-Teach Pt. to take precautions to prevent infections here.
Neoplasia - uncontrolled cell growth that follows no physiologic demand: cancer
Palliation - Relief of symptoms & promotion of comfort and quality of life regardless of the disease
stage
Precision Medicine - Using advances in research, technology, & policies to develop individualized
plans of care to prevent & treat disease
Radiation Therapy - the use of ionizing radiation to kill malignant cells
Staging - Process of determining the extent of disease, including tumor size & spread or
metastasis to distant sites
Stomatitis - Inflammation of the oral tissues, often associated with some chemotherapeutic
agents & radiation therapy to the head and neck region
Targeted Therapies - Cancer treatments that seek to minimize the negative effects on healthy
tissues by disrupting specific cancer cell functions (such as malignant transformation), metabolism,
communication pathways, processes for growth & metastasis, & genetic coding
, Thrombocytopenia - decrease in number of circulating platelets; associated with the potential for
bleeding
Vesicant - Substance that can cause inflammation, damage, & necrosis with extravasation from
blood vessels & contact with tissues.
Chemotherapy Administration - Generally given via a central line due to vesicant tissue due to
extravasation. Hypersensitivity reactions
Septic Shock - a life-threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response.
Patients who are neutropenic and/or who have hematologic malignancies are at greatest risk. Infections
that are a concern are viral, bacterial and fungal.
Factors Contributing to Infection - Impaired skin, mucous membrane integrity
Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy affect bone marrow
Biologic response modifiers-medications that help fight infection.
-RR increases to >20 bpm due to acidosis, may cause compensatory respiratory alkalosis and a little
hypoxic
-PaCo2 <32 mmHg
-Body shunts blood from skin, kidneys, GI tract, result in cool, clammy skin, hypoactive bowel sounds,
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PatrickKaylian. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R143,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
