AIS 2024 Exam 2 Questions & Answers 100% CORRECT
Define a database. - ANSWERSan organized collection of data, typically stored electronically; allows us to avoid replication of data
List and describe the two general data management approaches. - ANSWERS1. flat-file model: no structured rela...
Define a database. - ANSWERSan organized collection of data, typically stored electronically; allows us to
avoid replication of data
List and describe the two general data management approaches. - ANSWERS1. flat-file model: no
structured relationships to other files; primarily in older systems
2. database model: access to the data resource is controlled by a database management system;
centralizes the organization's data into a common database that is shared by the user community
What are the primary elements of a database? List and explain the role of each. - ANSWERS1. Users:
individuals within the organization who access the data in the database (access through a program or by
direct query)
2. Database management system: set of programs that controls access to the database and manages the
data resource through program development, backup and recovery functions, usage reporting, and
access authorization
3. Database administrator: a function that manages database resources through planning, design,
implementation, operation and maintenance, growth and change.
4. Physical database: magnetic spots on the magnetic media
What are two types of distributed database? Describe each and their advantages. - ANSWERS1.
Partitioned: splits central database into segments (partitions) distributed to their primary users
Advantages:
-users' control increased by having data stored at local sites
-improved transaction processing response time
-reduces potential data loss from a disaster
-volume of transmitted data between IT units is reduced
2. Replicated: common data replicated at each site, reducing data traffic between sites
Advantages:
,-effective for situations with a high degree of data sharing, but no primary user
-primary justification to support read-only queries
What types of issues do we start to have when we have redundant information? - ANSWERS-Data
storage: commonly used data duplicated multiple times with organization
-Data updating: changes must be made separately for each user/risk of having outdated information
-Inconsistent data: data being different across firm due to disorganization
-Task-data dependency: users cannot obtain additional information as needs change
What are two tests that would help prevent unauthorized individuals from viewing, retrieving, or
corrupting or destroying data? - ANSWERS1. Evaluate biometric devices, such as fingerprint or retina
prints that control access to the database.
2. Compare job description so the database authorization table, which contains rules that limit user
actions.
Describe an environment where the partitioned database makes sense. - ANSWERSorganization that
requires little to no data sharing
Describe a database lockout, generally and in the context of each distributed environment. -
ANSWERSDatabase lockouts allow us to keep data up to date, prevent multiple simultaneous access to
data perverting potential corruption; ensures data currency
In a central database:
-allows us to keep data current without causing loss of access due to updates
-IPUs: information processing units; when the first IPU requests access to a certain data location, no
other IPU can have access to it until the first one is finished.
In a partitioned database:
-deadlock situation: where multiple processing units have asked to access information at one time; locks
everything up so no one can do anything with it until someone outside/in administration approves
access one at a time
, In a replicated database:
-How to edit data that is replicated in several different places:
*Concurrency control: used to make sure that when data is updated in one replicated set, it is updated in
all other locations (i.e., time-stamping)
List and describe the three views of a database. - ANSWERS1. Unique internal view: physical
arrangement of records which describes the structure of the data records, the linkages between the files,
and the physical arrangement and sequence of records in the files
2. Unique conceptual view (schema): represents how the database looks both abstractly and logically
3. Many user view (sub-schema): what the individual users are allowed to see
Databases make it easy to share information, but easy sharing of information also increases risk. List and
describe the access control features that help to compensate for this risk. - ANSWERS1. User view: limits
what a particular user is able to see.
2. Database authorization table: limits what a particular user can do.
3. User-defined procedure: allows user to create a personal security program or routine to provide more
positive user identification than a single password ("fence" around data)
4. Data encryption: data kept scrambled so someone breaking into system can't read it; used to protect
highly sensitive stored data (i.e., product formulas, personnel pay rates, password files, and certain
financial data)
Databases can either be __________ or __________. Fill in the blanks and describe each. -
ANSWERSCentralized: everything is in one central location; requests sent from remote locations to
central site to gain access
Distributed: uses partitioned (splits central database into segments distributed to their primary users) or
replicated systems (common data replicated at each site, reducing data traffic between sites)
What are the services that a database management system provides? - ANSWERS-backup and recovery
-program development
-database us age
-database access
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