Exam (elaborations)
ECS2606 Assignment 2 Semester 2 2024 (583488) - DUE 20 September 2024
- Course
- Environmental Economics
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
ECS2606 Assignment 2 Semester 2 2024 (583488) - DUE 20 September 2024
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ECS2606Assignment 2
Semester 2 2024
(583488) - DUE 20
September 2024
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, ECS2606 Assignment 2 Semester 2 2024 (583488) - DUE 20 September 2024
1. Discuss the different incentive-based policies which are available in environmental
economics. [10]
2. Explain and graphically illustrate whether one standard of emissions can be
simultaneously efficient in a rural and urban area. [15]
3. Analyse the static perspectives of the relationship between economic growth and the
environment in developing countries. Use a graph to illustrate your answer. [10]
4. Describe the concept of technology transfer and discuss ways through which
developed countries can implement technology transfer to developing countries. [15]
1. Incentive-Based Policies in Environmental Economics [10]
Incentive-based policies are designed to encourage businesses and individuals to
reduce their environmental impact through economic incentives rather than through
direct regulation. The main types of incentive-based policies include:
a. Pollution Taxes (Pigouvian Taxes)
• Definition: Taxes imposed on the quantity of pollution that a firm or individual
produces.
• Example: A carbon tax on greenhouse gas emissions.
• Effect: Encourages polluters to reduce emissions to avoid paying higher taxes. It
internalizes the external cost of pollution.
b. Tradable Permits (Cap-and-Trade Systems)
• Definition: A system where a government sets a cap on the total level of
pollution and issues permits to polluters that allow them to emit a certain amount
of pollution. Permits can be bought and sold.
• Example: The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS).
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