PSS exam 2 final study questions & answers 2024/2025
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Course
PSS
Institution
PSS
PSS exam 2 final study questions & answers 2024/2025
Poikilothermic - ANSWERSbody temperature matches the temperature of their environment. insects are this. increase in temperature leads to increase in metabolism
Host regulation - ANSWERSmanipulate host physiology for the benefit of the pa...
PSS exam 2 final study questions &
answers 2024/2025
Poikilothermic - ANSWERSbody temperature matches the temperature of their environment. insects are
this. increase in temperature leads to increase in metabolism
Host regulation - ANSWERSmanipulate host physiology for the benefit of the parasitoid
physiological time - ANSWERSthe amount of heat required over time for an insect to complete
development
insect development - ANSWERSat upper and lower thresholds less development and prediction
developmental minimum or threshold - ANSWERSthe temperature below which development does not
occur
thermal constant - ANSWERStotal number of degree days needed to reach developmental stage
degree days (DD) - ANSWERSheat units that have occurred for a specific day. accumulation of heat units
above a specific temp. DD= (Tmax+ Tmin/ 2) -DT
Importance of degree days - ANSWERSused to help plan timing of pest control applications and predict
emergence of first adults
humidity - ANSWERSlow levels, pests of stored grain develop more slowly. High relative humidity (100%)
insects may drown or be more readily infected by pathogens
food quality or availability- biotec effects - ANSWERSpoor quality food or reduced food availability delays
growth
,density dependent - ANSWERSeffect of the factor on birth or death rates change with population density
density independent - ANSWERSproportion of the killed by a factor unrelated to population density
insect diversity in accordance to plants - ANSWERSinsects have diversified at the same rate as plants
according to fossils
phytophagy - ANSWERSinsects that feed on plants. 50% of insects. far more diverse than sister groups
monophagous - ANSWERSspecialized to eat only one plant or species
oligophagous - ANSWERSpredators that feed on a wide range of prey
polyphagous - ANSWERSgeneralists that can feed on more than one family. Narrow host range
phenotypic variation - ANSWERSvisibly observable variation in a population like height, color, size,
chemical composition
what plant traits matter most for a host? - ANSWERSphenotypic variation
induced defenses - ANSWERSplant damage induces chemical change. like regurgitant or spit
qualitative defenses - ANSWERSsmall molecules, toxins to interfere with metabolism, rapid response,
costly- rarer elements. like caffeine, glucosinolate
quantitative defenses - ANSWERSenergetically intensive to produce, reduce digestibility, tend to be in
high quantities, dosage dependent response. IE tannins
semiochemicals - ANSWERSchemicals used in communication between organisms
allomones - ANSWERSplant defensive compounds that harm insects
kairomones - ANSWERSchemical communication signals that benefit the receiver
compounds related to plant defense - ANSWERSsalicylic acid, jasmonic acid. They interact with each
other, sometimes negatively
antixenosis - ANSWERSnonpreference. a physical or chemical property of a plant that makes it less
attractive to insect herbivore
antibiosis - ANSWERSa plant trait that affects larval performance. certain plant varieties may produce
toxins that may affect insect development --> lower survival
evidence of antibiosis - ANSWERSdeath of immature larvae, reduction in growth rate, increased
mortality in pupal stage, small adults with lower fecundity, shortened adult lifespan, morphologically
malformed
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